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Lecture notes in electrical engineering

Decorrelation of Wireless Channel Coefficients for Secret Key Generation

Xiaofu Wu, Dongming Dai, Xunjian Yu, Jun Yan

Published Jun 29, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-13-0311-1_26

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Secret key generation based on channel reciprocity is an important branch of wireless physical layer security which provides strong or even theoretically perfect secret. With the pursuit of higher secret key rate, the time-frequency joint key extraction schemes have been recently considered, which can exploit simultaneously the resources contained in the frequency and time domains. However, the strong correlation existing between the broadband time-variant channel samples makes the decorrelation process indispensable before quantization. Due to the large size of these channel sample matrices, decorrelation methods based on full channel covariance matrix corresponding to high calculation complexity are difficult to deploy in realistic mobile communication systems. In this work, we propose a method which separates the decorrelation of time-frequency correlated channel characteristics into two steps. The performance of this proposed method is evaluated through both standardized channel model and practical measurements. It is shown that the decorrelation of samples with the two-step method could be close to that based on the full channel covariance matrix, as well as leading to a dramatical reduction on the calculation complexity. The impact of the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) on the secret key rate is analyzed, and no distinct difference is shown in this aspect between these two methods.

IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference•Apr 1, 2018•4 citations
The inherent randomness of wireless radio channels can be employed to extract secrets, whenever the channel reciprocity holds. Privacy amplification is an ingredient step for removing the redundancy of key, of which, the mount of information leaked to potential eavesdroppers, is often difficult to determine. In this paper, we propose a secret-key generation scheme without privacy amplification, of which the disagreement of key is coordinated through the reconciliation of sample positions as did in the level-crossing scheme. Compared to the level-crossing scheme, the proposed approach accumulates the reliable samples and further employs multi-bit quantization for improving the rate of secret-key generation. The accumulated samples should be decorrelated for generating random keys. Through extensive simulations, we find that the Karhunen-Loève transform for decorrelation is very sensitive in implementation.
In this paper, experimental results are presented for an encrypted wireless link between two body-worn sensor nodes fully integrated onto textile antenna platforms. Wireless communication between two persons walking in an indoor environment occurs over a unique physical propagation channel. For the purpose of data encryption, channel measurements are performed at both sides of the link, providing highly correlated pseudo random number sequences, with envelope correlation coefficients always above 0.7. Signals captured by an eavesdropper are substantially decorrelated, with correlation coefficients always below 0.15, and are therefore not suitable for key extraction. The mutual information is also determined, providing extra insight into the key generating potential of the pseudo random sequences. Practical error free secret key generation on both sides of the link, with reconciliation by means of Hamming check bits, is performed successfully in all cases between legitimate parties. At the same time, an eavesdropper is unable to extract the secret key from measured signals, as confirmed by the key error rates, which are calculated for all possible signal combinations, resulting in a key error rate after reconciliation around 0.5 for most eavesdropper channels and remaining at least 0.3 in the worst-case scenario.
Secret key generation based on channel reciprocity is an important branch of wireless physical layer security which provides strong or even theoretically perfect secret. With the pursuit of higher secret key rate, the time-frequency joint key extraction schemes have been recently considered, which can exploit simultaneously the resources contained in the frequency and time domains. However, the strong correlation existing between the broadband time-variant channel samples makes the decorrelation process indispensable before quantization. Due to the large size of these channel sample matrices, decorrelation methods based on full channel covariance matrix corresponding to high calculation complexity are difficult to deploy in realistic mobile communication systems. In this work, we propose a method which separates the decorrelation of time-frequency correlated channel characteristics into two steps. The performance of this proposed method is evaluated through both standardized channel model and practical measurements. It is shown that the decorrelation of samples with the two-step method could be close to that based on the full channel covariance matrix, as well as leading to a dramatical reduction on the calculation complexity. The impact of the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) on the secret key rate is analyzed, and no distinct difference is shown in this aspect between these two methods.