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IEEE Access

Directional Modulation With Cooperative Receivers

Yanping Xiao, Wanbin Tang, Yue Xiao, Hongyan Zhang, Gang Wu, Wei Xiang

Published Jan 1, 2018• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Directional modulation (DM) refers to a class of efficient techniques for enhancing the physical layer security of wireless communications. However, conventional DM approaches cannot guarantee the transmission security when eavesdroppers are located close to the legitimate user. In this paper, to mitigate this problem, a new DM scheme with cooperative receivers (DM-CR) is proposed for secrecy communications. Specifically, the legitimate user employs multiple cooperative receivers, and a predefined distortion factor set is introduced to the beamforming vector. The proposed DM-CR scheme is able to guarantee transmission security regardless of the direction or location of the eavesdroppers. Furthermore, the average bit error probability of the proposed DM-CR scheme is investigated. Both analytical and simulation results are presented to show that the proposed DM-CR scheme significantly outperforms the benchmark in terms of the bit error rate, so as to provide secure transmission toward future wireless communications.

DOI
10.1109/access.2018.2849098

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Directional modulation (DM) refers to a class of efficient techniques for enhancing the physical layer security of wireless communications. However, conventional DM approaches cannot guarantee the transmission security when eavesdroppers are located close to the legitimate user. In this paper, to mitigate this problem, a new DM scheme with cooperative receivers (DM-CR) is proposed for secrecy communications. Specifically, the legitimate user employs multiple cooperative receivers, and a predefined distortion factor set is introduced to the beamforming vector. The proposed DM-CR scheme is able to guarantee transmission security regardless of the direction or location of the eavesdroppers. Furthermore, the average bit error probability of the proposed DM-CR scheme is investigated. Both analytical and simulation results are presented to show that the proposed DM-CR scheme significantly outperforms the benchmark in terms of the bit error rate, so as to provide secure transmission toward future wireless communications.
In the conventional directional modulation (DM) system without relay aiding, when the eavesdropper locates within the main-beam of the desired direction, it can intercept the confidential message from source Alice. In this paper, we propose a strategy to enhance physical-layer security of direction modulation in wireless transmission with the help of multi-relay cooperation. In this scenario, the confidential messages are forwarded to the desired destination receiver, and the artificial noise (AN) is enforced to the eavesdroppers with the aid of multi-relays and direction modulation such that the eavesdropper can not successfully recover the useful information from its received signals. The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a significantly higher signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) peak at the destination position than at other positions outside the main-beam of the desired position and its secrecy rate performance at undesired position is so poor that the secure transmission is guaranteed.
Information theoretic security has recently emerged as an effective physical layer approach to provide secure communications. The outage performance of such a secrecy communication system is considered in this paper, since it is an important criterion to measure whether users' predefined quality of service can be met. Provided that the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper have the same noise power, many existing secure schemes cannot achieve outage probability approaching zero, regardless of how large the transmission power is. By introducing cooperative transmission into secrecy communication systems, it will be shown here that outage probability approaching zero can be achieved. In particular, scenarios with single-antenna nodes and multiple-antenna nodes will both be addressed, and the optimal design of beamforming/precoding will be investigated. Explicit expressions of the achievable outage probability and diversity-multiplexing tradeoff will be developed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed cooperative secure transmission schemes, and numerical results are presented.
In this work, a directional modulation-based technique is devised to enhance the security of a multi-antenna wireless communication system employing M-PSK modulation to convey information. The directional modulation method operates by steering the array beam in such a way that the phase of the received signal at the receiver matches that of the intended M-PSK symbol. Due to the difference between the channels of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, the signals received by the eavesdropper generally encompass a phase component different than the actual symbols. As a result, the transceiver which employs directional modulation can impose a high symbol error rate on the eavesdropper without requiring to know the eavesdropper's channel. The optimal directional modulation beamformer is designed to minimize the consumed power subject to satisfying a specific resulting phase and minimal signal amplitude at each antenna of the legitimate receiver. The simulation results show that the directional modulation results in a much higher symbol error rate at the eavesdropper compared to the conventional benchmark scheme, i.e., zero-forcing precoding at the transmitter.
In this work, a directional modulation-based technique is devised to enhance the security of a multi-antenna wireless communication system employing M-PSK modulation to convey information. The directional modulation method operates by steering the array beam in such a way that the phase of the received signal at the receiver matches that of the intended M-PSK symbol. Due to the difference between the channels of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, the signals received by the eavesdropper generally encompass a phase component different than the actual symbols. As a result, the transceiver which employs directional modulation can impose a high symbol error rate on the eavesdropper without requiring to know the eavesdropper's channel. The optimal directional modulation beamformer is designed to minimize the consumed power subject to satisfying a specific resulting phase and minimal signal amplitude at each antenna of the legitimate receiver. The simulation results show that the directional modulation results in a much higher symbol error rate at the eavesdropper compared to the conventional benchmark scheme, i.e., zero-forcing precoding at the transmitter.
Wireless communication is vulnerable to deep fading and eavesdropping, especially in long-distance double-hop scenarios. To address these issues, this paper proposes the movable antenna (MA-assisted secure transmission scheme. This scheme is designed for a cooperative wireless communication system in the presence of multiple single-antenna eavesdroppers. Our objective is to maximize the achievable secrecy rate, by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming and antenna positions vectors. To solve the highly non-convex problem due to the strongly coupled variables, the alternating optimization and projected gradient ascent (PGA) methods are designed to the joint update of MA position and beamforming. Furthermore, an artificial noise (AN) interference signal is introduced. Specifically, the legitimate link actively transmits jamming noise to eavesdroppers during signal transmission, thereby enhancing the channel capacity of the secure communication system. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed MA-assisted secure transmission for the cooperative wireless communication system significantly outperforms conventional fixed-position antenna (FPA)-assisted systems by up to 70% and existing benchmarks in terms of secrecy rate.
Recently, the concept of spatial and direction modulation (SDM) has been developed to reap the advantages of both spatial modulation (SM) and directional modulation (DM). On the one hand, DM ensures the transmission security at the expected direction. On the other hand, the structure of SM-aided distributed receivers can enhance the security even if the eavesdropper is located in the same direction as the legitimate receiver. However, the above advantages are achieved based on the assumption that the eavesdropper is not equipped with distributed receivers. On the other hand, the information security can no longer be guaranteed when the eavesdropper is also equipped with distributed receivers. To alleviate this problem, we considered a joint design of SDM and covert information mapping (CIM) in order to conceive of a more robust structure of CIM-SDM. Furthermore, both the detection performances at the eavesdropper and the legitimate user were quantified through theoretical derivation. In general, both the analysis and simulation results supported that the proposed CIM-SDM structure provides more robust secure performance compared to the original SDM, even if the extreme condition of distributed receivers at the eavesdropper is considered, at the cost of moderate performance loss at the legitimate user.