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Convexity of the residual entropy

Frank Hansen

Published May 8, 2013• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We consider both known and not previously studied trace functions with applications in quantum physics. By using perspectives we obtain convexity statements for different notions of residual entropy, including the entropy gain of a quantum channel as studied by Holevo and others. We give new and simplified proofs of the Carlen-Lieb theorems concerning concavity or convexity of certain trace functions by making use of the theory of operator monotone functions. We then apply these methods in a study of new types of trace functions. Keywords: Trace function, convexity, entropy gain, residual entropy, operator monotone function.

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We consider both known and not previously studied trace functions with applications in quantum physics. By using perspectives we obtain convexity statements for different notions of residual entropy, including the entropy gain of a quantum channel as studied by Holevo and others. We give new and simplified proofs of the Carlen-Lieb theorems concerning concavity or convexity of certain trace functions by making use of the theory of operator monotone functions. We then apply these methods in a study of new types of trace functions. Keywords: Trace function, convexity, entropy gain, residual entropy, operator monotone function.
Many trace inequalities can be expressed either as concavity/convexity theorems or as monotonicity theorems. A classic example is the joint convexity of the quantum relative entropy which is equivalent to the Data Processing Inequality. The latter says that quantum operations can never increase the relative entropy. The monotonicity versions often have many advantages, and often have direct physical application, as in the example just mentioned. Moreover, the monotonicity results are often valid for a larger class of maps than, say, quantum operations (which are completely positive). In this paper we prove several new monotonicity results, the first of which is a monotonicity theorem that has as a simple corollary a celebrated concavity theorem of Epstein. Our starting points are the monotonicity versions of the Lieb Concavity and the Lieb Convexity Theorems. We also give two new proofs of these in their general forms using interpolation. We then prove our new monotonicity theorems by several duality arguments.
Abstract In this paper, we introduce two notions of a relative operator (α, β)-entropy and a Tsallis relative operator (α, β)-entropy as two parameter extensions of the relative operator entropy and the Tsallis relative operator entropy. We apply a perspective approach to prove the joint convexity or concavity of these new notions, under certain conditions concerning α and β. Indeed, we give the parametric extensions, but in such a manner that they remain jointly convex or jointly concave. Significance Statement. What is novel here is that we convincingly demonstrate how our techniques can be used to give simple proofs for the old and new theorems for the functions that are relevant to quantum statistics. Our proof strategy shows that the joint convexity of the perspective of some functions plays a crucial role to give simple proofs for the joint convexity (resp. concavity) of some relative operator entropies.
Given a positive function f on (0, ∞) and a non-zero real parameter θ, we consider a function I θ f (A, B, X) = Tr X ∗ (f(LAR −1 B)RB) −θ (X) in three matrices A, B> 0 and X. This generalizes the notion of monotone metrics on positive definite matrices, and in the literature θ = ±1 has been typical. We investigate how operator monotony of f is sufficient and/or necessary for joint convexity/concavity of Iθ f (A, B, X). Similar discussions are given for quasi-entropies and quantum skew informations.
We consider a generalization of relative entropy derived from the Wigner–Yanase–Dyson entropy and give a simple, self-contained proof that it is convex. Moreover, special cases yield the joint convexity of relative entropy, and for Tr K* ApK B1-pLieb's joint concavity in (A, B) for 0 < p < 1 and Ando's joint convexity for 1 < p ≤ 2. This approach allows us to obtain conditions for equality in these cases, as well as conditions for equality in a number of inequalities which follow from them. These include the monotonicity under partial traces, and some Minkowski type matrix inequalities proved by Carlen and Lieb for [Formula: see text]. In all cases, the equality conditions are independent of p; for extensions to three spaces they are identical to the conditions for equality in the strong subadditivity of relative entropy.