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Moscow University Physics Bulletin

Fluorescence in a Quantum System with Violated Symmetry

Nikolay N. Bogolubov, Andrey Vladimirovich Soldatov

Published Mar 1, 2018• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The model of a single multilevel one-electron atom with violated symmetry such that its transition dipole-moment operator has constant diagonal matrix elements, among which not all are pairwise equal to each other, has been studied. It has been shown that the expression for the far electromagnetic field of such an atom does not contain any appreciable contributions from the diagonal matrix elements of the transition dipole moment in an explicit form; thus, these matrix elements have an effect on fluorescence via the time dependence of non-diagonal matrix elements due to quantum non-linear processes of higher orders. It has also been demonstrated that a two-level quantum system, whose transition dipole operator has constant unequal diagonal matrix elements, can continuously fluoresce under excitation with monochromatic laser radiation at a much lower frequency than the frequency of the exciting radiation. The possibility of the experimental detection and practical application of this effect are discussed.

DOI
10.3103/s0027134918020029

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The model of a single multilevel one-electron atom with violated symmetry such that its transition dipole-moment operator has constant diagonal matrix elements, among which not all are pairwise equal to each other, has been studied. It has been shown that the expression for the far electromagnetic field of such an atom does not contain any appreciable contributions from the diagonal matrix elements of the transition dipole moment in an explicit form; thus, these matrix elements have an effect on fluorescence via the time dependence of non-diagonal matrix elements due to quantum non-linear processes of higher orders. It has also been demonstrated that a two-level quantum system, whose transition dipole operator has constant unequal diagonal matrix elements, can continuously fluoresce under excitation with monochromatic laser radiation at a much lower frequency than the frequency of the exciting radiation. The possibility of the experimental detection and practical application of this effect are discussed.
We study spectral properties of fluorescent radiation from a two-level quantum system with broken inversion spatial symmetry, which can be implemented as a model of a one-electron two-level atom whose electric dipole moment operator has permanent unequal diagonal matrix elements. We consider the case of the excitation of this system by a bichromatic laser field consisting of a high-frequency resonance component with the frequency coinciding with the atomic transition frequency and a low-frequency component whose frequency coincides with the Rabi frequency of the high-frequency component. We show that by changing the intensity of the low-frequency component, we can efficiently control spectral properties of the fluorescent radiation of the system in the high-frequency range. We discuss possible methods for the experimental detection and practical use of the effects under study.
Spectral properties of fluorescent radiation from a two-level quantum system with broken inversion spatial symmetry, which can be described by a model of an one-electron two-level atom whose electric dipole moment operator has permanent unequal diagonal matrix elements, were studied. The case of the excitation of this system by a polychromatic laser field, comprised of N−1N-1N−1 high-frequency components with the frequencies close to or being in resonance with the atomic transition frequency, and a low-frequency component whose frequency coincides with the Rabi frequency of the high-frequency components, was considered. Special attention was given to the resonant bichromatic and nearly resonant trichromatic excitation. In the former case it was shown that by changing the intensity of the low-frequency component, one can efficiently alter spectral properties of the fluorescent radiation of the system in the high-frequency range, while in the latter case it was found that the fluorescent behavior of the system in question reveals a kind of an optoelectronic transistor effect. Options for the experimental detection and practical usage of the effects under study were discussed.
Abstract We studied spectral properties of high-frequency fluorescent radiation from a two-level quantum system with broken inversion spatial symmetry, which can be implemented as a model of a one-electron two-level asymmetric polar semiconductor quantum dot whose electric dipole moment operator has permanent unequal diagonal matrix elements. The case of the excitation of this system by incoherent pumping of some sort supplemented with an additional driving monochromatic field, which frequency is much lower than the optical transition frequency of the quantum dot, was considered. An analytical expression for the fluorescence spectrum as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the monochromatic driving field, as well as of the pumping intensity, was derived. We also discussed feasible practical applications of the effects under study in the field of quantum optics and optoelectronics for the generation of high-frequency radiation, possessing stationary equidistant spectrum, and for the control of the radiative properties of such nanodevices as spasers (dipole nanolasers).
We studied time-dependent features of high-frequency fluorescent radiation from a two-level quantum system with broken inversion spatial symmetry. The system in question was modelled after a one-electron two-level asymmetric polar semiconductor quantum dot whose electric dipole moment operator has permanent unequal diagonal matrix elements. The dot was permanently excited by incoherent pumping of some sort. Our attention was focused on the evolution of the fluorescence spectrum following abrupt switching on of an additional driving monochromatic field, which frequency is much lower than the optical transition frequency of the quantum dot. An analytical expression for the fluorescence spectrum as a function of the amplitude, initial phase and frequency of the monochromatic driving field, as well as of the pumping intensity and the elapsed time, was derived.
Abstract The process of high-frequency fluorescence of a two-level open quantum system with permanent electric dipole moment interacting with a pulse of nonresonant monochromatic electromagnetic (laser) field is modeled and studied by methods of nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. The system in question is represented by a one-electron two-level asymmetric polar semiconductor quantum dot characterized by the electric dipole moment operator with unequal diagonal matrix elements in its ground and excited quantum states, and interacting with dissipative environment. The dot is permanently excited by incoherent pumping and is driven by an amplitude modulated pulse, whose monochromatic carrier frequency is much lower than the optical transition frequency of the quantum dot. We derive an analytical expression for the time-dependent fluorescence power spectrum as a function of the amplitude, duration, initial phase, and carrier frequency of the rectangular monochromatic driving pulse, as well as of the pumping intensity and observation time. We show that the pulse itself does not add any discernable amount of energy to the fluorescence intensity but rather facilitates redistribution of the energy incoherently pumped into the system over a plurality of spectral peaks that arise under the influence of the pulse instead of the initial stationary single-peaked fluorescence spectrum observed before the arrival of the pulse and after its departure.
Abstract The fluorescent radiative properties of a two-level quantum polar system with broken spatial inversion symmetry being realized as a model of a single-electron two-level “atom” with permanent atomic electric dipole moment, so that its electric dipole operator diagonal matrix elements are not equal to each other, were examined. In practice, such a system can be realized as an asymmetric quantum dot. A particular case when this system is driven by a trichromatic external field, with two high-frequency bichromatic field components of equal Rabi frequencies and carrier frequencies being placed symmetrically around the atomic transition frequency, and one more low-frequency component being in resonance with the Rabi frequency of the high-frequency components, was analyzed. It was shown that the high-frequency spectral properties of the fluorescent radiation can be altered with equal efficiency either by controlling the intensity of the low-frequency component of the trichromatic driving field or by changing the degree of the quantum dot asymmetry. Possible options to apply this potentially useful effect for practical purposes in the field of optoelectronics are also discussed.