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Modern Physics Letters B

Three-party quantum secret sharing based on phase shift operation

Huawang Qin, Raylin Tso, Yuewei Dai

Published Jun 8, 2018• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An efficient three-party quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed. The dealer uses the phase shift operation to encode the secret information into some EPR pairs. The members use the phase shift operation to decode the EPR pairs, and measure the EPR pairs to reconstruct the secret. Our scheme does not need the BB84 protocol or the decoy particles to protect the transmitted particles, and can use the phase shift operation to prevent the attacker from stealing secret information from the transmitted particles. So all the particles can be used to bring the secret information, and the utilization efficiency of the particles of 100% can be achieved. With the prevent technology, our scheme is more practical than the existing schemes.

DOI
10.1142/s021798491850197x

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An efficient three-party quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed. The dealer uses the phase shift operation to encode the secret information into some EPR pairs. The members use the phase shift operation to decode the EPR pairs, and measure the EPR pairs to reconstruct the secret. Our scheme does not need the BB84 protocol or the decoy particles to protect the transmitted particles, and can use the phase shift operation to prevent the attacker from stealing secret information from the transmitted particles. So all the particles can be used to bring the secret information, and the utilization efficiency of the particles of 100% can be achieved. With the prevent technology, our scheme is more practical than the existing schemes.
A three-party quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed, in which the dealer uses the d-dimensional Bell state to distribute the secret, the participants perform the single-particle measurements to get their shares, and the dealer performs the Bell-basis measurements to check the eavesdropping. The main merit of our scheme is that the participants only need to measure the particles in one basis. Compared to the existing schemes in which the participants need to measure the particles in two bases, our scheme will be more practical.
Multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme with high efficient based on entanglement states is proposed and analyzed. A three-party which is presented shares a sequence of joint key bits. In this scheme, a general proof of the security against eavesdropping for three-party quantum secret sharing based on entanglement swapping is provided. The scheme which is showed is secure against a dishonest participant's intercept-and-resend attack and eavesdropper's entangle auxiliary-particles attack. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information again, the detection bit needs to be transmitted except those for detection, the total efficiency of the scheme approaches to 100%. The protocol can be generalized to N-party system by using N-partite entanglement states.
Quantum secret sharing is an important branch of quantum cryptography, and secure multi-party quantum key distribution protocols can be constructed using quantum secret sharing. In this paper, we construct a quantum secret sharing scheme built on a constrained (t, n ) threshold access structure, where n is the number of participants and t is the threshold number of participants and the distributor. Participants from two different sets perform the corresponding phase shift operations on two particles in the GHZ state passed to them, and then t−1 participants with the distributor can recover the key, where the participant recovering the key measures the particles received by himself and finally obtains the key through the collaboration of the distributors. Security analysis shows that this protocol can be resistant to direct measurement attacks, interception retransmission attacks, and entanglement measurement attacks. This protocol is more secure, flexible, and efficient compared with similar existing protocols, which can save more quantum resources.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication, a three-party quantum secret sharing approach is proposed. In the preparation phase, the sender shares a GHZ state among users. After she ensures about the security of the channel, she generates an auxiliary GHZ state and keeps it. Then she encodes three-bit information on the GHZ states, by applying the appropriate gates on her qubits. In the decoding phase, the three parties measure their qubits. The receivers achieve no information on the encoded message individually and just when they know the others' measurement results have access to the secret message. The security of the preparation phase against various attacks is investigated. Since no qubits carrying the message are transmitted, the protocol is completely secure, if the perfect quantum channel is used. The proposed approach has a better efficiency as compared to the previous ones.
In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme based on GHZ entangled state. The participants in this scheme are divided into two groups, and share secrets as a group. There is no need to exchange any measurement information between the two groups, reducing the security problems caused by the communication process. Each participant holds one particle from each GHZ state; it can be found that the particles of each GHZ state are related after measuring them, and the eavesdropping detection can detect external attacks based on this characteristic. Furthermore, since the participants within the two groups encode the measured particles, they can recover the same secrets. Security analysis shows that the protocol can resist the intercept-and-resend attack and entanglement measurement attack, and the simulation results show that the probability of an external attacker being detected is proportional to the amount of information he can obtain. Compared with the existing protocols, this proposed protocol is more secure, has less quantum resources and is more practical.
Secret sharing is a widely-used security protocol and cryptographic primitive in which all people cooperate to restore encrypted information. The characteristics of a quantum field guarantee the security of information; therefore, many researchers are interested in quantum cryptography and quantum secret sharing (QSS) is an important research topic. However, most traditional QSS methods are complex and difficult to implement. In addition, most traditional QSS schemes share classical information, not quantum information which makes them inefficient to transfer and share information. In a weighted threshold QSS method, each participant has each own weight, but assigning weights usually costs multiple quantum states. Quantum state consumption will therefore increase with the weight. It is inefficient and difficult, and therefore not able to successfully build a suitable agreement. The proposed method is the first attempt to build multiparty weighted threshold QSS method using single quantum particles combine with the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and phase shift operation. The proposed scheme allows each participant has its own weight and the dealer can encode a quantum state with the phase shift operation. The dividing and recovery characteristics of CRT offer a simple approach to distribute partial keys. The reversibility of phase shift operation can encode and decode the secret. The proposed weighted threshold QSS scheme presents the security analysis of external attacks and internal attacks. Furthermore, the efficiency analysis shows that our method is more efficient, flexible, and simpler to implement than traditional methods.