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Journal of Physics Communications

Influence of a stray magnetic field on the measurement of long-range spin-spin interaction

Biplab Goswami, A. V. Volotka, S. Fritzsche

Published May 14, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the influence of an additional uncontrolled (stray) magnetic field upon the measurement of long-range spin-spin interaction strength of two spin-1/2 valence electrons bound in two separate ions at well-defined distances from each other. This stray field, which is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the line connecting two ions, could appear due to the Earth magnetic field, or, due to the slight angular misalignment between the applied magnetic field and the line connecting two ions. It is found that the presence of the stray magnetic field plays an important role in the dynamics of the spin-states of two electrons. If neglected in the analysis, moreover, such a stray field may affect the measurement of the spin-spin interaction strength, especially at smaller inter-spin distances.

DOI
10.1088/2399-6528/aac445

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We study the influence of an additional uncontrolled (stray) magnetic field upon the measurement of long-range spin-spin interaction strength of two spin-1/2 valence electrons bound in two separate ions at well-defined distances from each other. This stray field, which is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the line connecting two ions, could appear due to the Earth magnetic field, or, due to the slight angular misalignment between the applied magnetic field and the line connecting two ions. It is found that the presence of the stray magnetic field plays an important role in the dynamics of the spin-states of two electrons. If neglected in the analysis, moreover, such a stray field may affect the measurement of the spin-spin interaction strength, especially at smaller inter-spin distances.
We report the observation of electron spin interactions between Rydberg atoms, which are driven by spin-orbit coupling through second-order dipole perturbation and exhibit a spatial anisotropy governed by the atomic configuration. Specifically, we observe coherent electron spin exchange dynamics, with the measured coupling strength agreeing well with both numerical calculations and theoretical models. Furthermore, we show that global microwave dressing enables active engineering and dynamical freezing of the spin exchange by introducing a differential AC Stark shift between the participating states. Additionally, we achieve tunability of the interaction by applying a stronger magnetic field, which effectively modifies the energy contributions of the underlying spin-orbit coupling channels. Finally, measuring spin dynamics in one-dimensional multi-atom chains aligned parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field provides a self-consistent validation of the anisotropic XXZ framework. This electron spin interaction natively features spin-position coupling and enables a natural mapping onto the Heisenberg-Kitaev model. Our findings reveal a new class of electron spin-spin interactions among Rydberg atoms, expanding the scope of quantum simulation with Rydberg atom arrays.
The spin evolution of two spin-1/2 valence electrons, located at two separated ions, is investigated with the help of Breit equation. This evolution that arise solely depends on their dipole-dipole magnetic interaction. Special attention is paid to the effects beyond the leading order of the dipole-dipole magnetic interaction. In contrast to just including the leading order, it is found that the spin-spin interactions flips the spin of both electrons together, while the spin-orbit interactions typically changes the spin of just single electron. As a consequence, different behaviour is observed in the time evolution of two different entangled Bell states.
Collision experiments employing a preparation and/or an analysis of spin polarization provide a powerful tool to study individual interaction mechanisms. For atoms or ions with nonvanishing nuclear moments the hyperfine interaction before and after the collision may affect the spin polarization and any collision-induced orientation and alignment, thereby substantially reducing experimentally observable effects. This disturbance can be avoided by applying an external magnetic field, as is demonstrated here for the inelastic collision process He+{\mathrm{He}}^{+}He++Na(\ensuremath{\uparrow}) \ensuremath{\rightarrow}He+{\mathrm{He}}^{+}He++Na∗{\mathrm{Na}}^{\mathrm{*}}Na∗(3p). Easily attainable magnetic field strengths are sufficient to decouple electronic and nuclear spins whereby the figure of merit for both, orientation and alignment, is increased by more than one order of magnitude.
Interaction of a resonant laser beam with an atomic absorption medium creates population redistribution and interference between atomic levels. This anisotropy of the medium is experimentally observed as coherent population trapping (CPT) or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Due to the small sub-natural width of the CPT and EIT resonances, they find wide applications in metrology, quantum optics, atom cooling. A non-compensated stray magnetic field (SMF) can change the shape and sign of the resonance or destroy it completely. In this work, we present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the influence of a stray magnetic field on the CPT resonances obtained on Zeeman sublevels of the D 1 line of 87 Rb in a paraffin-coated vacuum cell. The role is clarified of the polarization moments with different rank in creating the integral registered fluorescent signal in the presence of a stray magnetic field. It is shown that a transverse magnetic field plays an important role in changing the shape of the signal.
This is a review of theoretical works on spin resonance in a quantum wire associated with the spin-orbit interaction. We demonstrate that the spin-orbit induced internal “magnetic field” leads to a narrow spin-flip resonance at low temperatures in the absence of an applied magnetic field. An applied dc magnetic field perpendicular to and small compared with the spin-orbit field enhances the resonance absorption by several orders of magnitude. The component of applied field parallel to the spin-orbit field separates the resonance frequencies of right and left movers and enables a linearly polarized ac electric field to produce a dynamic magnetization as well as electric and spin currents. We start with a simple model of noninteracting electrons and then consider the interaction that is not weak in 1d electron system. We show that electron spin resonance in the spin-orbit field persists in the Luttinger liquid. The interaction produces an additional singularity (cusp) in the spin-flip channel associated with the plasma oscillation. As it was shown earlier by Starykh and his coworkers, the interacting 1d electron system in the external field with sufficiently large parallel component becomes unstable with respect to the appearance of a spin-density wave. This instability suppresses the spin resonance. The observation of the electron spin resonance in a thin wires requires low temperature and high intensity of electromagnetic field in the terahertz diapason. The experiment satisfying these two requirements is possible but rather difficult. An alternative approach that does not require strong ac field is to study two-time correlations of the total spin of the wire with an optical method developed by Crooker and coworkers. We developed theory of such correlations. We prove that the correlation of the total spin component parallel to the internal magnetic field is dominant in systems with the developed spin-density waves but it vanishes in Luttinger liquid. Thus, the measurement of spin correlations is a diagnostic tool to distinguish between the two states of electronic liquid in the quantum wire.