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Modification of "Counterfactual communication protocols" which makes them truly counterfactual

Yakir Aharonov, Lev Vaidman A

Published May 27, 2018• 0 citations
OpenAlex

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The possibility to communicate between spatially separated regions, without even a single photon passing between the two parties, is an amazing quantum phenomenon. The possibility of transmitting one value of a bit in such a way, the interaction-free measurement, has been known for quarter of a century. The protocols of full communication, including transmitting unknown quantum states, were proposed only a few years ago, but it was shown that in all these protocols the particle was leaving a weak trace in the transmission channel, the trace being larger than the trace left by a single particle passing through the channel. This made the claim of counterfactuality of these protocols at best controversial. However, a simple modification of these recent protocols eliminates the trace in the transmission channel, making all these protocols counterfactual.
Counterfactual communication, i.e., a communication without particles traveling in the transmission channel, is a bizarre quantum effect. Starting from interaction-free measurements many protocols achieving various tasks from counterfactual cryptography to counterfactual transfer of quantum states were proposed and implemented in experiments. However, the meaning of conterfactuality in various protocols remains a controversial topic. A simple error-free counterfactual protocol is proposed. This protocol and its modification are used as a test bed for analysis of the meaning of counterfactuality to clarify the counterfactuality status of various counterfactual proposals.