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Disruptive Technologies in Information Sciences

Software-defined quantum network switching

Travis S. Humble, Ronald J. Sadlier, Brian P. Williams, Ryan Prout

Published May 9, 2018• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the design and implementation of a software-defined quantum networking protocol and software switch integrated with a numerical quantum channel simulator. Our protocol design leverages recent advances in the OpenFlow protocol that enable software-defined control and management of optical network traffic using side-channel metadata. We implement this design using customization of the open source vSwitch for optical network routing, and we test the implementation using a numerical simulator of the quantum channel alongside actual network traffic. Our results support the integration of quantum communication with existing optical transport methods.

DOI
10.1117/12.2303800

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We present the design and implementation of a software-defined quantum networking protocol and software switch integrated with a numerical quantum channel simulator. Our protocol design leverages recent advances in the OpenFlow protocol that enable software-defined control and management of optical network traffic using side-channel metadata. We implement this design using customization of the open source vSwitch for optical network routing, and we test the implementation using a numerical simulator of the quantum channel alongside actual network traffic. Our results support the integration of quantum communication with existing optical transport methods.
Quantum networks must classically exchange complex metadata between devices in order to carry out information for protocols such as teleportation, super-dense coding, and quantum key distribution. Demonstrating the integration of these new communication methods with existing network protocols, channels, and data forwarding mechanisms remains an open challenge. Software-defined networking (SDN) offers robust and flexible strategies for managing diverse network devices and uses. We adapt the principles of SDN to the deployment of quantum networks, which are composed from unique devices that operate according to the laws of quantum mechanics. We show how quantum metadata can be managed within a software-defined network using the OpenFlow protocol, and we describe how OpenFlow management of classical optical channels is compatible with emerging quantum communication protocols. We next give an example specification of the metadata needed to manage and control quantum physical layer (QPHY) behavior and we extend the OpenFlow interface to accommodate this quantum metadata. We conclude by discussing near-term experimental efforts that can realize SDN’s principles for quantum communication.
Software-defined networking offers a device-agnostic programmable framework to encode new network functions. Externally centralized control plane intelligence allows programmers to write network applications and to build functional network designs. OpenFlow is a key protocol widely adopted to build programmable networks because of its programmability, flexibility and ability to interconnect heterogeneous network devices. We simulate the functional topology of a multi-node quantum network that uses programmable network principles to manage quantum metadata for protocols such as teleportation, superdense coding, and quantum key distribution. We first show how the OpenFlow protocol can manage the quantum metadata needed to control the quantum channel. We then use numerical simulation to demonstrate robust programmability of a quantum switch via the OpenFlow network controller while executing an application of superdense coding. We describe the software framework implemented to carry out these simulations and we discuss near-term efforts to realize these applications.
Abstract : Networks are essential for both quantum and classical systems for transporting information between network nodes. Networks define abstractions and interfaces required for establishing stable communication frameworks required for network applications to communicate. Advances in network protocols and architectures have led to the development of software-defined programmable networks. Previously, the feasibility of extending programmable network principles to build multinode quantum networks has been described. This project built upon a previously described programmable quantum network model to leverage new optical labels in the latest OpenFlow protocol to manage optical channels and lambda switching. Custom modifications to the OpenFlow protocol base code were developed to create new labels for managing the optical channels associated with quantum networks. Additionally, the OpenFlow match/action tables were modified to recognize and take action on new OpenFlow labels related to the quantum network attributes.
Future practical implementation of secure quantum communication technology in a multiuser network environment would require automatic monitoring of the optical link condition and quantum system parameters, along with adjusting them in real time according to protocol restrictions. We demonstrate how software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm can be used for addressing this problem on the example of a subcarrier wave quantum communication system, which is promising for network applications. We propose a novel approach to dynamic quantum network routing and communication security based on SDN OpenFlow protocol. SDN-operated dynamic switching between different data encryption methods, quantum or classic, will enable to organize virtual encoding channels with an ability to set the required Quality of Service level for security/bandwidth. These developments will further increase the feasibility of quantum technologies from the network perspective and contribute to bringing them to industrial scale.
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is one of the key networking technologies with broad applications in data centers, cloud computing, and networking. SDN uses isolation of data planes and control planes to offer more efficient control of data communication. Security and reliability of communication between controllers that manage network control information and network switches that route traffic in the data plane, is essential in SDN architecture. The communication between these two layers uses OpenFlow protocol. We propose a quantum-safe solution for providing security and reliability for OpenFlow communication that exploits multiple paths between a switch and a controller. We analyze our solution regarding security and reliability and show its efficiency is comparable to an alternative solution that does not provide quantum-safe security.
Software-defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising paradigm for managing and controlling network resources efficiently. However, ensuring the security of data packets transmitted within an SDN environment remains a critical challenge. Traditional networking relies on static configurations, while SDN offers dynamic control and programmability, revolutionizing network management. In SDN, the application layer employs tools like OpenDaylight and Mininet for network management and testing. The control layer, managed by controllers such as Floodlight or ONOS, orchestrates traffic flow among switches. In the infrastructure layer, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with the BB84 protocol ensures secure communication. Together, these layers enable agile, programmable, and secure networking paradigms. This paper proposes integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) into SDN architectures to bolster packet-level security. By leveraging quantum entanglement and uncertainty, a secure communication channel between SDN controllers and switches is established, resilient to quantum attacks. Evaluation through simulations and real-world experiments demonstrates efficacy in mitigating security threats while minimizing overhead and latency, advancing SDN security IEEE 802.1X capabilities and leveraging quantum technologies for cybersecurity.