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Journal of the Optical Society of America A

Nonclassical correlations of photonic qubits carrying orbital angular momentum through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence

Mei-Song Wei, Jicheng Wang, Yixin Zhang, Zheng-Da Hu

Published May 3, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the non-horizontal distributions of orbital angular momentum biphotons through free-space atmospheric channels, in which case the non-Kolmogorov turbulent effects shall be considered. By considering the case of initial non-perfect resource, i.e., the orbital angular momentum biphotons are initially prepared in an extended Werner-like state, we investigate the non-Kolmogorov effects on the propagations of nonclassical correlations, including quantum entanglement and quantum discord. It is found that universal decay laws of entanglement and discord also exist for non-Kolmogorov turbulence but with their decay curves different from that of entanglement for Kolmogorov turbulence reported by Leonhard et al. [Phys. Rev. A91, 012345 (2015)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.91.012345]. We show that the universal decay laws are dependent on the power-law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum and compare the differences of decay properties between entanglement and discord caused by non-Kolmogorov turbulence.

DOI
10.1364/josaa.35.000873

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We consider the non-horizontal distributions of orbital angular momentum biphotons through free-space atmospheric channels, in which case the non-Kolmogorov turbulent effects shall be considered. By considering the case of initial non-perfect resource, i.e., the orbital angular momentum biphotons are initially prepared in an extended Werner-like state, we investigate the non-Kolmogorov effects on the propagations of nonclassical correlations, including quantum entanglement and quantum discord. It is found that universal decay laws of entanglement and discord also exist for non-Kolmogorov turbulence but with their decay curves different from that of entanglement for Kolmogorov turbulence reported by Leonhard et al. [Phys. Rev. A91, 012345 (2015)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.91.012345]. We show that the universal decay laws are dependent on the power-law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum and compare the differences of decay properties between entanglement and discord caused by non-Kolmogorov turbulence.
We investigate the decay properties of the quantum coherence and nonclassical correlations of two photonic qubits, which are partially entangled in their orbital angular momenta, through Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere. It is found that the decay of quantum coherence and quantum discord may be qualitatively different from that of entanglement when the initial state of two photons is not maximally entangled. We derive two universal decay laws for quantum coherence and quantum discord, respectively, and show that the decay of quantum coherence is more robust than nonclassical correlations.
We investigate the decay properties of the quantumness including quantum entanglement, quantum discord, and quantum coherence for two photonic qubits, which are partially entangled in their orbital angular momenta, through Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere. It is found that the decay of quantum coherence and quantum discord may be qualitatively different from that of quantum entanglement when the initial state of two photons is not maximally entangled. We also derive two universal decay laws for quantum coherence and quantum discord, respectively, and show that the decay of quantum coherence is more robust than nonclassical correlations.
We study the propagations of quantum resources encoded in orbital angular momenta of two photons via the turbulent maritime atmosphere. The decay characteristics of entanglement, discord and coherence are studied for the cases of increasing propagation distance, different azimuthal quantum numbers, inner scales of turbulence and wavelengths of light source. We find that the entanglement does not suffer sudden vanishing for the one-side turbulent channels case while entanglement disappears nonasymptotically for a general case of two-side different turbulent channels similar to the specific case of two-side identical turbulent channels. Entanglement, discord and coherence have quite different decay laws and coherence possesses more robustness against the turbulence than entanglement and discord. Our results show that larger azimuthal quantum numbers and larger wavelength of light source may boost the quality of distributions of quantum resources in turbulent maritime atmosphere.
Quantum coherence has been considered as a resource for quantum information process in recent years. Sharing the quantum resource distantly is a precondition for quantum communication. In this paper, we explore the quantum coherence properties of the prepared state starting from initially incoherent thermal light source. It is shown that the quantum coherence is directly proportional to the dimension of Hilbert space and therefore employ the orbital angular momentum (OAM) to encode resources. The distribution of biphoton thermal OAM state via the one-sided noisy channel (non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere) is then investigated. It is found that the prepared OAM state can have large amount of quantum coherence, which is maximized when the thermal source is completely incoherent. The turbulence effects on quantum coherence are studied and compared to those on the fidelity and quantum channel capacity. Contrasting to the monotonic decay, the dynamics of coherence displays a peak during the propagation and the mechanism behind is presented. Finally, the dynamics of quantum thermal state can be more robust than that of Bell-like pure state since more interference can be induced. We believe our results is of importance to OAM quantum communication using quantum coherence as a resource.
We extend the theory of detection probabilities of single-photon communication in turbulent atmosphere to the entangled case and derive analytical expressions for detection probabilities. We show that the rotational field correlation in the entangled case cannot be expressed as a straightforward extension from the disentangled case. By considering the orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams for illustration, we explore the effect of non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence on the probabilities of both the biphoton detection and the single-photon detection. The entanglement of OAM LG beams contributes positively to the faithful detection probability. The change of maximal crosstalk probability in the detection process is also explored, which displays the non-linear dependence on the crosstalk quantum number.