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AIP conference proceedings

Induced dipole-dipole coupling between two atoms at a migration resonance

Maninder Jeet Kaur, Mahmood Mian

Published Jan 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Results of numerical simulations for the resonant energy exchange phenomenon called Migration reaction between two cold Rydberg atoms are presented. The effect of spatial interatomic distance on the onset of peculiar coherent mechanism is investigated. Observation of Rabi-like population inversion oscillation at the resonance provides a clear signature of dipole induced exchange of electronic excitations between the atoms. Further we present the results for the dependence of expectation value of the interaction hamiltonian on the interatomic distance, which is responsible for energy exchange process. The results of this observation endorse the range of inter atomic distance within which the excitation exchange process occurs completely or partially. Migration process enhance the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction in the absence of an external field, under the condition of the zero permanent dipole moments. Our next observation sheds light on the fundamental mechanism of induced electric fields initiated by the oscillating dipoles in such energy exchange processes. We explore the dependence of induced electric field on the interatomic distance and angle between the dipoles highlighting the inverse power law dependence and anisotropic property of the field. We put forward an idea to utilise the coherent energy exchange process to build efficient and fast energy transfer channels by incorporating more atoms organised at successive distances with decreasing distance gradient.

DOI
10.1063/1.5033235

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SPIE Nanophotonics•May 24, 2022•0 citations
Results of numerical simulations for the resonant energy exchange phenomenon called Migration reaction between two cold Rydberg atoms are presented. The effect of spatial interatomic distance on the onset of peculiar coherent mechanism is investigated. Observation of Rabi-like population inversion oscillation at the resonance provides a clear signature of dipole induced exchange of electronic excitations between the atoms. Further we present the results for the dependence of expectation value of the interaction hamiltonian on the interatomic distance, which is responsible for energy exchange process. The results of this observation endorse the range of inter atomic distance within which the excitation exchange process occurs completely or partially. Migration process enhance the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction in the absence of an external field, under the condition of the zero permanent dipole moments. Our next observation sheds light on the fundamental mechanism of induced electric fields initiated by the oscillating dipoles in such energy exchange processes. We explore the dependence of induced electric field on the interatomic distance and angle between the dipoles highlighting the inverse power law dependence and anisotropic property of the field. We put forward an idea to utilise the coherent energy exchange process to build efficient and fast energy transfer channels by incorporating more atoms organised at successive distances with decreasing distance gradient.
The dipole-dipole interaction strongly couples ultracold highly excited atoms, known as Rydberg atoms, and is the dominant mechanism for energy exchange among such atoms on microsecond time scales. I present the results of experiments that investigate this interaction using rubidium atoms excited to Rydberg states with an all-diode laser system. In the first of these, high resolution dipole-dipole interaction spectra for different magnetic sublevels of the 32d5/2 state are collected and analyzed. In the second experiment, ultracold rubidium atoms are implusively excited to coherent superpositions of three closely spaced |mj|sublevels of the 32d5/2 state in a weak electric field. The magnitude of the field sets the energy level spacing between these states, and hence the frequency of the phase dependent oscillations resulting from interference in resonant energy exchange processes. In the third experiment, the dipole-dipole interaction induced resonant energy exchange between columns of ultracold rubidium Rydberg atoms is imaged using a new technique involving selective field ionization with a spatially sensitive ion detector.
Coupling by the resonant dipole-dipole energy transfer between cold cesium Rydberg atoms is investigated using time-resolved narrow-band deexcitation spectroscopy. This technique combines the advantage of efficient Rydberg excitation with high-resolution spectroscopy at variable interaction times. Dipole-dipole interaction is observed spectroscopically as avoided level crossing. The coherent character of the process is linked to back and forth transfer in the np + np <--> ns + (n + 1)s reaction. Decoherence in the ensemble has two different origins: the atom motion induced by dipole-dipole interaction and the migration of the s-Rydberg excitation in the environment of p-Rydberg atoms.
We have explored the dipole-dipole mediated, resonant energy transfer reaction, $32{p}_{3/2}+32{p}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}32s+33s$, in an ensemble of cold 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb Rydberg atoms. Stark tuning is employed to measure the population transfer probability as a function of the total electronic energy difference between the initial and final atom-pair states over a range of Rydberg densities, $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\le}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The observed line shapes provide information on the role of beyond nearest-neighbor interactions, the range of Rydberg atom separations, and the electric field inhomogeneity in the sample. The widths of the resonance line shapes increase approximately linearly with the Rydberg density and are only a factor of 2 larger than expected for two-body, nearest-neighbor interactions alone. These results are in agreement with the prediction [B. Sun and F. Robicheaux, Phys. Rev. A 78, 040701(R) (2008)] that beyond nearest-neighbor exchange interactions should not influence the population transfer process to the degree once thought. At low densities, Gaussian rather than Lorentzian line shapes are observed due to electric field inhomogeneities, allowing us to set an upper limit for the field variation across the Rydberg sample. At higher densities, non-Lorentzian, cusplike line shapes characterized by sharp central peaks and broad wings reflect the random distribution of interatomic distances within the magneto-optical trap (MOT). These line shapes are well reproduced by an analytic expression derived from a nearest-neighbor interaction model and may serve as a useful fingerprint for characterizing the position correlation function for atoms within the MOT.
Abstract The process of the Rydberg blockade, which is currently regarded as one of the most promising approaches to quantum computation, can become significantly less effective due to interatomic interactions that shift the excitation frequency of initially blocked particles to the region of resonance with external laser radiation. In this article, we develop an analytical theory of this effect based on a self-consistent model of two Rydberg atoms acting on each other with their dipole electric fields and experiencing a Stark splitting of energy levels under the action of these fields. It follows from our calculations that the typical interatomic distances at which the unblocking effect due to ‘‘parasitic’’ resonances begins to occur are in rough agreement with earlier qualitative estimates; however, the number of such resonances can be much larger than in recent numerical simulations of some particular systems. Therefore, the possibility of breaking the Rydberg blockade at small interatomic distances should be carefully taken into account in any future applications to quantum computing.
High resolution laser Stark excitation of np (60<n<85) Rydberg states of ultracold cesium atoms shows an efficient blockade of the excitation attributed to long-range dipole-dipole interaction. The dipole blockade effect is observed as a quenching of the Rydberg excitation depending on the value of the dipole moment induced by the external electric field. Effects of ions which could match the dipole blockade effect are discussed in detail but are ruled out for our experimental conditions. Analytic and Monte Carlo simulations of the excitation of an ensemble of interacting Rydberg atoms agree with the experiments and indicate a major role of the nearest neighboring Rydberg atom.
The large electric dipole moments associated with transitions between Rydberg states of atoms or molecules, make them ideal model systems with which to study Förster resonance energy transfer in collisions with other Rydberg atoms or molecules, or with polar ground-state molecules [1,2]. The sensitivity of high Rydberg states to electric fields allows these energy transfer processes to be tuned thorough resonance by exploiting the Stark effect. In this talk, I will describe recent experiments in which we have observed the resonant transfer of energy from the ground-state inversion sublevels in ammonia, to helium atoms in triplet Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers between 38 and 43. The experiments were performed at translational temperatures below 1 K in seeded, pulsed supersonic beams [3]. Electric fields up to ~10 V/cm were used to tune transitions between selected Rydberg states into resonance with the transitions between the inversion sublevels. Resonant energy transfer was identified by Rydberg-state-selective electric-field ionisation. The experimental data exhibit quantum-state-dependent resonance widths that range from 200 to 700 MHz and, in general, reduce as the value of the principal quantum number is increased. Comparison with the results of numerical calculations of the Rydberg energy-level structure and transition moments, shows a dependence of the measured widths on the electric dipole transition moments of the Rydberg-Rydberg transitions. These results are of particular interest, e.g., for applications in coherent control and quantum sensing [4-6], and in the study of low-temperature ion-molecule reactions performed within the orbit of a Rydberg electron [7]. [1] T. F. Gallagher, Phys. Rep. 210, 319 (1992) [2] F. B. Dunning, S. Buathong, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 37, 287 (2018) [3] K. Gawlas and S. D. Hogan, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 83 (2020) [4] M. Zeppenfeld, Euro. Phys. Lett. 118, 13002 (2017). [5] E. Kuznetsova, S. T. Rittenhouse, H. R. Sadeghpour, and S. F. Yelin, Phys. Rev. A 94, 032325 (2016). [6] E. Kuznetsova, S. T. Rittenhouse, H. R. Sadeghpour, and S. F. Yelin, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 17115 (2011). [7] K. Höveler, J. Deiglmayr, J. A. Agner, H. Schmutz and F. Merkt, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23, 2676 (2021).