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Spin Exchange and Magnetic Phase Transition of Two-Component Fermi Gas with Spin-Orbit Coupling in Two-Dimension Square Optical Lattices

Beibing Huang, Shaolong Wan

Published Jul 21, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on spin exchange physics (SEP) of two-component Fermi gases in two-dimension square optical lattices are investigated. The results suggest that at half filling SOC has a dramatic effect on SEP and can drive a quantum phase transition from antiferromagnet to spiral phase at mean-field level.

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Effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on metal-Mott insulator transition (MMIT) and spin exchange physics (SEP) of two-component Fermi gases in two-dimension half-filling square optical lattices are investigated. In the frame of Kotliar and Ruckenstein slave boson and the second order perturbation theory, the phase boundary of paramagnetic MMIT and spin exchange Hamiltonian are calculated. In addition by adopting two mean-field ansatzs including antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic and spiral phases, we find that SOC can drive a quantum phase transition from antiferromagnet to spiral phase.
The spin–orbit (SO) coupled optical lattices have attracted considerable interest. In this paper, we investigate the phase diagram of the interacting Fermi gas with Rashba-type spin–orbit coupling (SOC) on a square optical lattice. The phase diagram is investigated in a wide range of atomic interactions and SOC strength within the framework of the cluster dynamical mean-field theory (CDMFT). We show that the interplay between the atomic interactions and SOC results in a rich phase diagram. In the deep Mott insulator regime, the SOC can induce diverse spin ordered phases. Whereas near the metal–insulator transition (MIT), the SOC tends to destroy the conventional antiferromagnetic fluctuations, giving rise to distinctive features of the MIT. Furthermore, the strong fluctuations arising from SOC may destroy the magnetic orders and trigger an order to disorder transition in close proximity of the MIT.
We investigate the superfluidity of attractive Fermi gas in a square optical lattice with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We show that the system displays a variety of new features. At half filling, SOC induces a Dirac semimetal and the system undergoes a semimetal-superfluid transition. Near half filling, we find that the superfluidity tends to be suppressed due to the emerging Dirac cones. While for small fillings, SOC can induce a BCS-BEC crossover beyond the conventional attractive Hubbard model, which is characterized by a bound state in the lattices. Moreover, we demonstrate that the superfluid density also exhibits many unusual properties in the lattices.
We investigate the metal-insulator transition (MIT) and phase diagram of the half-filled Fermi Hubbard model with Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on a square optical lattice. The interplay between the atomic interactions and SOC results in distinctive features of the MIT. Significantly, in addition to the diverse spin ordered phases, a nonmagnetic insulating phase emerges in a considerably large regime of parameters near the Mott transition. This phase has a finite single-particle gap but vanishing magnetization and spin correlation exhibits a power-law scaling, suggesting a potential algebraic spin-liquid ground state. These results are confirmed by the non-perturbative cluster dynamical mean-field theory.
We study the interplay effect of spin-orbit coupling(SOC) and optical lattice to the single-particle physics and superfluid-insulator transition in ultracold Fermi gases. We consider the type of SOC that has been realized in cold atoms experiments via two-photon Raman processes. Our analyses are based on the knowledge of full single-particle spectrum in lattices, without relying on any tightbinding approximation. We point out that the tight-binding models used in literature are either very limited or completely inapplicable in predicting the correct single-particle physics. Moreover, we show that the Raman field (creating SOC) can induce band-gap closing in a two-dimensional optical lattice, leading to the intriguing phenomenon of superfluidity-reentrance for interacting fermions at integer filling. We present the superfluid-insulator phase diagram in a wide parameter regime of chemical potentials and Raman fields. All these results are far beyond any tight-binding model can predict, and can be directly probed in current cold atoms experiments
Motivated by recent experimental development, we investigate spin–orbit coupled repulsive Fermi atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Using the density-matrix renormalization group method, we calculate the momentum distribution function, gap, and spin-correlation function to reveal rich ground-state properties. We find that spin–orbit coupling (SOC) can generate unconventional momentum distribution, which depends crucially on the filling. We call the corresponding phase with zero gap the SOC-induced metallic phase. We also show that SOC can drive the system from the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic Mott insulators with spin rotating. As a result, a second-order quantum phase transition between the spin-rotating ferromagnetic Mott insulator and the SOC-induced metallic phase is predicted at the strong SOC. Here spin rotating means the spin orientations of the nearest-neighbor sites are not parallel or antiparallel, i.e., they have an intersection angle Finally, we show that the momentum k peak , at which the peak of the spin-structure factor appears, can also be affected dramatically by SOC. The analytical expression of this momentum with respect to the SOC strength is also derived, which suggests that the predicted spin-rotating ferromagnetic ( k peak < π /2 ) and antiferromagnetic ( π /2 < k peak < π ) correlations can be detected experimentally by measuring the SOC-dependent spin-structure factor via time-of-flight imaging.