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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Infrared metrology using visible photons

Anna V. Paterova, Hongzhi Yang, Chengwu An, Dmitry A. Kalashnikov, Leonid A. Krivitsky

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We exploit the nonlinear interference of correlated photons to demonstrate a new infrared metrology technique using detection of visible photons. The technique applies to infrared spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and imaging.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2018.ath3o.3

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We demonstrate a new scheme for infrared spectroscopy with visible light sources and detectors. The technique relies on the nonlinear interference of correlated photons, produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal. Visible and infrared photons are split into two paths and the infrared photons interact with the sample under study. The photons are reflected back to the crystal, resembling a conventional Michelson interferometer. Interference of the visible photons is observed and it is dependent on the phases of all three interacting photons: pump, visible and infrared. The transmission coefficient and the refractive index of the sample in the infrared range can be inferred from the interference pattern of visible photons. The method does not require the use of potentially expensive and inefficient infrared detectors and sources, it can be applied to a broad variety of samples, and it does not require a priori knowledge of sample properties in the visible range.
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and imaging are important tools in metrology, including material analysis, sensing and characterization. Although conventional methods of IR metrology are available, they face challenges related to the high cost and low efficiency of IR light sources and photodetectors. These challenges can be addressed by circumventing the need for IR-range components using tools and techniques of quantum optics. In this thesis, we describe a technique for IR measurements, which requires using only accessible light sources and detectors operating in the visible range. Our technique is based on the nonlinear interference of correlated photon pairs generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). In SPDC, a photon from the pump laser generates a pair of correlated photons within a nonlinear crystal. One photon of the pair can be generated in the visible range, and the other in the IR range. Two identical nonlinear crystals pumped by the same laser form the nonlinear interferometer, where interference of the visible SPDC photons can be observed. The interference pattern of the visible photons depends on amplitudes and phases of the IR photons, which are used to probe the properties of the medium under study. Hence, by observing the interference of the visible photons we infer the IR properties of the media, without direct measurements of IR light. We applied the nonlinear interference method to realize the IR spectroscopy, IR optical coherence tomography (OCT), IR imaging and IR polarimetry. In the IR spectroscopy experiment, we simultaneously and independently measured both refractive index and absorption coefficient of various samples in the IR range, while only detecting photons in the visible range. In IR OCT and IR imaging schemes, we measured the reflectivity of the interfaces of the sample, performed 3D raster and wide field imaging through opaque (in the visible range) materials. In the IR polarimetry, we measured the birefringence of the samples. We studied glass, organic polymer, Silicon and CO2 gas, but our method can be applied to a broad variety of samples. Our method is widely tunable and has high precision and accuracy over mid-IR wavelengths. This work paves the way for further practical adoption of the method in the field of IR metrology, without the need for IR grade detectors and sources.