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IEEE Transactions on Communications

Optical Jamming Enhances the Secrecy Performance of the Generalized Space-Shift-Keying-Aided Visible-Light Downlink

Fasong Wang, Chaowen Liu, Qi Wang, Jiankang Zhang, Rong Zhang, Lie‐Liang Yang, Lajos Hanzo

Published Apr 30, 2018• 52 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In order to enhance the secrecy performance of the generalized space shift keying (GSSK) visible light communication (VLC) system, in this paper, an optical jamming-aided secrecy enhancement scheme is proposed, in which the source transmitter (S) simultaneously sends both the confidential desired signal and optical jamming signals under the amplitude and power constraints. The optical jamming signals obey the truncated Gaussian distribution for satisfying the constraints. Given the discrete set of channel inputs, the optical jamming-aided GSSK-VLC system's secrecy performance is analyzed. Explicitly, the average mutual information (AMI), the lower bound of AMI and its closed-form approximation as well as the achievable secrecy rate are formulated analytically. Furthermore, the optimal power sharing strategy of the proposed GSSK-VLC systems relying on optical jamming is derived. Closed-form expressions are provided for the optimal power sharing in both the low- and high-SNR regions. Finally, the extensive simulation results are presented to validate our analytical results.

DOI
10.1109/tcomm.2018.2831687

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In order to enhance the secrecy performance of the generalized space shift keying (GSSK) visible light communication (VLC) system, in this paper, an optical jamming-aided secrecy enhancement scheme is proposed, in which the source transmitter (S) simultaneously sends both the confidential desired signal and optical jamming signals under the amplitude and power constraints. The optical jamming signals obey the truncated Gaussian distribution for satisfying the constraints. Given the discrete set of channel inputs, the optical jamming-aided GSSK-VLC system's secrecy performance is analyzed. Explicitly, the average mutual information (AMI), the lower bound of AMI and its closed-form approximation as well as the achievable secrecy rate are formulated analytically. Furthermore, the optimal power sharing strategy of the proposed GSSK-VLC systems relying on optical jamming is derived. Closed-form expressions are provided for the optimal power sharing in both the low- and high-SNR regions. Finally, the extensive simulation results are presented to validate our analytical results.
This paper investigates the physical layer security problem of visible light communication (VLC) systems relying on generalized space-shift keying (GSSK) termed as GSSK-VLC. The GSSK-VLC system considered is assumed to be comprised of three nodes: a transmitter equipped with multiple light-emitting diodes, a legitimate receiver, and a passive eavesdropper. Each of them is equipped with a single photo-detector. Specifically, the average mutual information (AMI) of a GSSK-VLC system is derived. We also obtain both a lower bound and an accurate closed-form expression of the approximate AMI, which can be employed for efficiently estimating the achievable secrecy rate of GSSK-VLC systems. Furthermore, the pairwise error probability and bit error rate of GSSK-VLC systems are analyzed, and again some closed-form expressions are obtained. Additionally, in order to enhance the secrecy performance of the GSSK-VLC system, an optimal LED pattern selection algorithm is proposed under the minimax criterion. We show that the proposed LED pattern selection algorithm is capable of enhancing both the AMI between the transmitter and legitimate user and the achievable secrecy rate of the GSSK-VLC system.
Abstract This research investigates the security of a visible light communication (VLC) system in an indoor setting. The system consists of multiple transmitters (referred to as Alice), a legitimate receiver (referred to as Bob), and a passive adversary (referred to as Eve). A scheme is proposed to enhance secrecy by using optical jamming signals alongside the confidential signal, under constraints of nonnegativity and average optical intensity. The optical jamming signals follow a truncated Gaussian distribution to adhere to predefined constraints. The analysis takes into account both noise independent of the signal and noise dependent on the signal. The study obtains lower and upper bounds on secrecy rate through the application of the variational method, the dual expression of secrecy rate, and the notion of ‘the optimal input distribution that tends towards infinity’. An asymptotic analysis reveals a minimal performance difference between the upper and lower bounds under large optical intensity. Introducing a peak optical intensity constraint enables further scrutiny of both the exact and asymptotic secrecy-rate bounds. Numerical results are provided to validate the obtained secrecy-rate bounds.
This study examines the physical-layer security of an indoor visible light communication (VLC) system using spatial modulation (SM), which consists of several transmitters, an authorized receiver, and a passive adversary. The SM technique is applied at the transmitters so that only one transmitter is operational at any given time. A uniform selection (US) strategy is employed to choose the active transmitter. The two scenarios under examination encompass the conditions of non-negativity and average optical intensity, as well as the conditions of non-negativity, average optical intensity, and peak optical intensity. The secrecy rate is then obtained for these two scenarios while accounting for both signal-independent noise and signal-dependent noise. Additionally, the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) asymptotic behavior of the derived secrecy rate constraints is investigated. A channel-adaptive selection (CAS) strategy and a greedy selection (GS) scheme are utilized to select the active transmitter, aiming to enhance the secrecy performance. The current numerical findings affirm a pronounced convergence between the lower and upper bounds characterizing the secrecy rate. Notably, marginal asymptotic differentials in performance emerge at elevated SNRs. Furthermore, the GS system outperforms the CAS scheme and the US method, in that order. Additionally, the impact of friendly optical jamming on the secrecy rate is investigated. The results show that optical jamming significantly enhances the secrecy rate, particularly at higher power levels.
We study in this paper the secrecy performance of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) wiretap channel. The underlying system model comprises three nodes: one transmitter, equipped with multiple fixtures of LEDs, one legitimate receiver and one eavesdropper, each equipped with multiple photo-diodes (PDs). The VLC channel is modeled as a real-valued amplitude-constrained Gaussian channel and the eavesdropper is assumed to be randomly located in the coverage area. We propose a low-complexity precoding scheme that aims at enhancing the secrecy performance of the system. Specifically, assuming discrete input signaling, we derive an average achievable secrecy rate for the underlying system in a closed-form, and the derived expression is a function of the precoding matrix and the input distribution using stochastic geometry. Then, we propose a low-complexity design of the precoding matrix based on the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) of the channel matrices of the system. We examine the resulting average achievable secrecy rate using the truncated discrete generalized normal (TDGN) distribution, which is the best-known discrete distribution available in the literature. Finally, we validate the proposed scheme through extensive simulations and we demonstrate its superiority when compared to other schemes reported in the literature.
Securing visible light communication (VLC) systems with physical-layer technologies has drawn increasing attention. In this paper, we leverage both transmit beamforming and jamming techniques to enhance communication secrecy for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) VLC system with presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The transmit beamformer and jamming precoder are jointly optimized in the sense that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the legitimate user is maximized subject to maximum SNR constraints imposed on eavesdroppers, as well as light-emitting diode (LED) optical power constraints. Despite the fact that the corresponding optimization problem has a nonconvex fractional form, we are able to determine its locally optimal solution via Charnes-Cooper transformation and minorization-maximization algorithm. Furthermore, we study the extension to a more complicated scenario where perfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is not available. The superiority of the proposed algorithms is finally verified via simulations.
We consider the physical layer security (PLS) of multi-user (MU) multiple-input-multiple-output visible light communication (VLC) systems with an eavesdropper (Eve) and propose a novel spatial constellation design technique based on generalized space shift keying (MU-GSSK-SCD). The received signals of the legitimate users are optimized jointly, such that their bit error ratios (BERs) are minimized and Eve's BER is significantly degraded. The emission power of randomly selected light-emitting diodes is adjusted, by exploiting users' channel state information at the transmitter. Our strategy ensures that legitimate users receive confidential messages fully in an undistorted fashion, while any meaningful leakage to Eve is strongly prohibited, without any artificial noise addition. Every user can decode only its information, hence inter-user security is also guaranteed. The PLS improvements are presented in terms of both BERs and achievable secrecy rates in practical VLC scenarios. For various user configurations, it is shown that MU-GSSK-SCD increases the BER at Eve to the 0.5 level, while providing minimized BERs to the legitimate users. The achievable secrecy rate region is derived for MU-GSSK-SCD and it is shown that full secrecy can be achieved at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level with a user separation as small as 90 cm.