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Results in Physics

Coherent light squeezing states within a modified microring system

J. Ali, Nithiroth Pornsuwancharoen, Phichai Youplao, Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz, Iraj Sadegh Amiri, Khomyuth Chaiwong, Surasak Chiangga, Ghanshyam K. Singh, Preecha P. Yupapin

Published Feb 24, 2018• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have proposed the simple method of the squeezed light generation in the modified microring resonator, which is known as the microring conjugate mirror (MCM). When the monochromatic light is input into the MCM, the general form of the squeezed coherent states for a quantum harmonic oscillator can be generated by controlling the additional two side rings, which are the phase modulators. By using the graphical method called the Optiwave program, the coherent squeezed states of coherent light within an MCM can be obtained and interpreted as the amplitude, phase, quadrature and photon number-squeezed states. This method has shown potentials for microring related device design, which can be used before practical applications.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2018.02.041

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We have proposed the simple method of the squeezed light generation in the modified microring resonator, which is known as the microring conjugate mirror (MCM). When the monochromatic light is input into the MCM, the general form of the squeezed coherent states for a quantum harmonic oscillator can be generated by controlling the additional two side rings, which are the phase modulators. By using the graphical method called the Optiwave program, the coherent squeezed states of coherent light within an MCM can be obtained and interpreted as the amplitude, phase, quadrature and photon number-squeezed states. This method has shown potentials for microring related device design, which can be used before practical applications.
Squeezed light constitutes a key resource for quantum optical technologies including quantum sensing, computing, communication and metrology. For many applications the generation of squeezed light typically requires at least two nonlinear optical stages involving careful phase and frequency matching to achieve the required mixing of squeezed and coherent light. In our work, we introduce an on-chip system that simplifies the generation of coherent-squeezed light, utilizing only a single squeezing stage. We achieve this by pumping a silicon nitride (Si3N4\mathrm{Si_3N_4}Si3​N4​) microring resonator to produce single-mode squeezed light through four-wave mixing at the same frequency as the pump mode, leveraging the inherent χ(3)χ^{(3)}χ(3)-nonlinearity of the Si3N4\mathrm{Si_3N_4}Si3​N4​ resonator. Our on-chip system demonstrates a squeezing of -4.7 dB with a clear perspective towards -10 dB squeezing. We also provide a theoretical model that describes the straightforward yet robust generation of single-mode squeezing at the injection locking point of the ring resonator. In fact, we show that a design with a normal dispersion can be used for robust generation of bright squeezed light without the need for careful suppression of unwanted nonlinear processes. Overall, our findings highlight an approach which drastically simplifies the generation of coherent-squeezed light in photonic integrated circuits.
The intensity buildup of light inside a lossy microring resonator can be used to enhance the generation of squeezed states via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). In this work, we model the generation of squeezed light in a microring resonator that is pumped with a Gaussian pulse via a side-coupled channel waveguide. We theoretically determine the optimum pump pulse duration and ring-to-channel coupling constant to minimize the quadrature noise (maximize the squeezing) in the ring for a fixed input pump energy. We derive approximate analytic expressions for the optimal coupling and pump pulse duration as a function of scattering loss in the ring. These results will enable researchers to easily determine the optimal design of microring resonator systems for the generation of quadrature-squeezed states.
Principally, there are two forms of coupling energy when particle(photon) is moving around the micro-ring resonator, which is generated by the construction (creation) and the destruction (annihilation) energies that can disturb the centre nonlinear microring resonator and lead the system unstable from the harmonic motion, from which the squeezing state of the particle can occur. The detected outputs either electrons and their spins or photons can be useful for the new era of electronic devices and circuits, where the classical electronics, plasmonic electronics, spintronic electronics and quantum electronics can be combined and realized.
Squeezing properties of a quantized photon field interacting with cascade four-wave-mixing materials (phase conjugators) are investigated theoretically by the transfer-matrix method. The controllability of the quantum fluctuation of the photon field is improved with the use of modulation pumping, in which phases of pumping beams of the phase conjugators are individually controlled even when their optical nonlinearity and/or the pumping power are fixed. By choosing appropriate numbers of phase conjugators and phase differences of the pump beams, incident coherent light is transformed to quadrature-phase-amplitude (QPA) squeezed states and photon-number-squeezed states. Optimal squeezing of both the QPA and photon number can be realized with this cascade system by modulation pumping. Partial (normal) reflection of light at surfaces of the phase conjugators is shown quantitatively to suppress the squeezing. Comparison with an ordinary method using a single-phase conjugator is also made.
The squeezed state is important in quantum metrology and quantum information. The most effective generation tool known is the optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Currently, only the squeezed states of lower-order spatial modes can be generated by an OPO. However, the squeezed states of higher-order spatial modes are more useful for applications such as quantum metrology, quantum imaging, and quantum information. A major challenge for future applications is efficient generation. Here we use cascaded phase-only spatial light modulators to modulate the amplitude and phase of the incident fundamental mode squeezed state. This efficiently generates a series of squeezed higher-order Hermite–Gauss modes and a squeezed arbitrary complex amplitude distributed mode. The method may yield new applications in biophotonics, quantum metrology, and quantum information processing.
The concept of squeezing has so far been applied mainly to light, as is evidenced by the number of research works on the subject of squeezed light. Since, in quantum mechanics, both light and the simple harmonic oscillator are described within the same mathematical framework, there is of course no difficulty in applying the concept to the simple harmonic oscillator as well. In fact, the theoretical development of squeezed states and squeezed light owes much to the physical insights that one obtains as the analogy between light and the harmonic oscillator is exploited. The example presented shows clearly that two states with different phases in general have different degrees of squeezing, even if they have the same state distribution. This means that, even if one considers collision processes that produce the same state distribution, the degree of squeezing obtained during and after the collisions can be quite different, depending on how the phases phi(sub n) of the probability amplitudes develop in time as the collisions proceed. It is therefore evident that, for a detailed study of collision-induced squeezing, further study on the time development of the phases in collisions and its relation to collision parameters such as potential energy surfaces and collision energy is needed.