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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Utilizing nonequilibrium effects to probe the Mott-insulator-superfluid transition of a trapped gas of interacting bosons

Lev Vidmar, S. Langer, Ian P. McCulloch, Ulrich Schollwoeck, Ulrich Schneider, Fabian Heidrich‐Meisner

Published Mar 19, 2013• 0 citations
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We discuss a technique to probe the properties of an interacting cold atomic gas that can be viewed as a dynamical compressibility measurement. We apply this technique to the study of the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator quantum phase transition in one and three dimensions for a bosonic gas trapped in an optical lattice. Excitations of the system are detected by time-of-flight measurements. The experimental data for the one-dimensional case are in good agreement with the results of a time-dependent density-matrix-renormalization-group calculation.
We theoretically investigate quantum phases and transport dynamics of ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice in the presence of effective multi-body interaction. When a harmonic external potential is added, several interesting phenomena are revealed, such as the broadening and the emergence of a central insulator plateau and the phase transition between superfluid and Mott insulator phase. We also study the transport of the system which runs across the superfluid—insulator transition after ramping up the lattice, and predict a slower relaxation which is attributed to the influence of the multi-body interaction on the mass transport.