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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Quantum temporal imaging and gravitational wave detection

D. B. Horoshko, Giuseppe Patera, Mikhail I. Kolobov

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the quantum field evolution in a temporal imaging system, including the vacuum noise due to finite time aperture. We show how the gravitational wave detector signal can be transmitted to a higher frequency.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2018.jth2a.20

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A century after Einstein's formulation of general relativity, the detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) made the first direct detection of gravitational waves. This historic achievement was the culmination of a world-wide effort and decades of instrument research. While sufficient for this monumental discovery, the current generation of gravitational-wave detectors represent the least sensitive devices necessary for the task; improved detectors will be required to fully exploit this new window on the Universe. In this paper, we review the application of squeezed vacuum states of light to gravitational-wave detectors as a way to reduce quantum noise, which currently limits their performance in much of the detection band.
Since 2015, the gravitational-wave detectors LIGO and Virgo have opened a new window on the universe, detecting hundreds of signals and launching a new era of astronomy with profound impact on relativity, astrophysics, and cosmology. To listen deeper into the cosmos, detectors must become increasingly sensitive. One of the main limitations is quantum noise, ultimately arising from vacuum fluctuations entering the instrument. By “squeezing” this vacuum, i.e. manipulating its noise properties, LIGO and Virgo have already extended their reach by up to 65%, revealing events that would otherwise remain hidden. This article provides an overview of squeezing techniques for gravitational-wave detectors, from their origins to the most recent advances.
Among the revolutionary predictions of Einstein’s theory of general relativity is the existence of gravitational waves, which are perturbations in the fabric of spacetime that travel at the speed of light. The first indirect evidence pointing to their existence came from the observation of the Hulse-Taylor pulsar in 1974[4]. More recently, gravitational wave observatories like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo have been built with the purpose of detecting gravitational waves (GW) directly, providing not only further evidence in support of general relativity, but also a whole new way of viewing the cosmos. The strain produced by a passing gravitational wave (namely, the relative change in the length of the matter a gravitational wave passes through) is so small that the best sensitivity achieved by the detectors has not produced a positive detection as of today. With a clear understanding that there should be gravitational waves, scientists are working on improving the sensitivity of the detectors to increase the likelihood of a detection. One of the main sources of noise for the next generation gravitational wave detectors, such as advanced LIGO, is shot noise. Shot noise dominates the noise spectrum above a few hundred Hz. This noise is due to uncertainties in quantum statistics, according to the generalized uncertainty principle. There are two ways to reduce the shot noise. The first way is to increase the intensity of the