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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Field-induced phases in generalized Kitaev models and materials

Roser Valentí, David A. S. Kaib, Kira Riedl, R. Coldea, Stephen M. Winter

Published Mar 5, 2018• 0 citations
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Recent experiments on Kitaev spin liquid candidate materials reported nonmonotonic behavior of thermal conductivity as a function of magnetic field, which lead to conflicting interpretations of its origin. Motivated by this development, we study the magnetic field dependence of thermal conductivity of a generalized Kitaev model, which allows the phase transitions between different flux sectors as a function of the magnetic field. The thermal conductivity due to Majorana fermions shows dip-bump structures as the magnetic field increases, which is caused by either the transitions between different flux sectors of Kitaev spin liquids or the topological transitions that change the Majorana Chern number within the same flux sector. It is shown that the change of Chern number is closely related to the four-Majorana-fermion interaction induced by the magnetic field. The nonmonotonic behavior in thermal conductivity emerges at finite temperature, and it becomes weaker when temperature decreases toward zero. Our model provides a generic mechanism for the Kitaev spin liquids to develop nonmonotonic magnetic-field dependence of thermal conductivity while the comparison to realistic materials remains an open question for future investigation.
Kitaev materials are promising materials for hosting quantum spin liquids and investigating the interplay of topological and symmetry-breaking phases.We use an unsupervised and interpretable machine-learning method, the tensorial-kernel support vector machine, to study the honeycomb Kitaev-model in a magnetic field.Our machine learns the global classical phase diagram and the associated analytical order parameters, including several distinct spin liquids, two exotic S 3 magnets, and two modulated S 3 × Z 3 magnets.We find that the extension of Kitaev spin liquids and a field-induced suppression of magnetic order already occur in the large-S limit, implying that critical parts of the physics of Kitaev materials can be understood at the classical level.Moreover, the two S 3 × Z 3 orders are induced by competition between Kitaev and spin liquids and feature a different type of spin-lattice entangled modulation, which requires a matrix description instead of scalar phase factors.Our work provides a direct instance of a machine detecting new phases and paves the way towards the development of automated tools to explore unsolved problems in many-body physics.
The Kitaev honeycomb model realizes a quantum spin liquid where spin degrees of freedom are fractionalized into itinerant Majorana fermions and localized vortices. The entanglement among these particles holds promise for executing fault-tolerant topological quantum computation. While several materials have been proposed to host a quantum spin liquid phase, concrete evidence confirming its existence remains elusive. To aid in identifying this phase, we propose an electrical test using the charge profile, offering a signature for the Z2 vortices in Kitaev materials. This study explores the electric charge response in Kitaev materials, considering a generalized spin model including Heisenberg, off-diagonal exchange interactions, and magnetic Zeeman field. Majorana mean-field theory is employed to analyze spin correlations around vortices, revealing spatial anisotropy in the charge distribution, quantified by the electric quadrupole moment. This mean-field approach remains exact in the pure Kitaev limit and captures the fundamental physics across the Kitaev spin liquid phase. The quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between distant vortices is shown to be either repulsive or attractive, depending on the parameters. We predict that electrically biased scanning probe tips can help create vortices at predetermined locations. The findings of our study pave the way for electrically manipulating Ising anyons in Kitaev spin liquids, offering a promising path for technological applications of Kitaev materials.