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A Classical System for Producing “Quantum Correlations”

Robert H. McEachern

It is almost universally supposed, that “Quantum Correlations”, as discussed in connection with Bell’s Inequality Theorem, cannot be produced by any classical, macroscopic system. Nevertheless, this paper demonstrates the actual construction of just such a system. It then discusses why this peculiar type of classical system, unlike any other, behaves in this “weird” fashion. The reason illuminates the Physics Community’s profound misunderstanding of exactly what a single, classical “bit” is, in the context of Shannon’s Information Theory, and the resulting misinterpretation of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the EPR paradox.It is almost universally supposed, that “Quantum Correlations”, as discussed in connection with Bell’s Inequality Theorem, cannot be produced by any classical, macroscopic system. Nevertheless, this paper demonstrates the actual construction of just such a system. It then discusses why this peculiar type of classical system, unlike any other, behaves in this “weird” fashion. The reason illuminates the Physics Community’s profound misunderstanding of exactly what a single, classical “bit” is, in the context of Shannon’s Information Theory, and the resulting misinterpretation of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the EPR paradox.

Sep 1, 20163 citations

EPR Paradox, Bell Inequalities and Peculiarities of Quantum Correlations

Apoorva Patel

arXiv:2502.06791Journal of the Indian Institute of ScienceJan 1, 20251 citation

Polarization of light, entanglement, EPR paradox & Bell’s inequality: A simple analysis

Ajoy Kumar Ghatak

Asian Journal of PhysicsMar 1, 20260 citations

A hidden variable solution to the EPR paradox

Jorma Jormakka

The hidden variable solution to the EPR paradox proposes that correlation of measurements of entangled particles is due to variables that get decided when the entangled particles get created. It is shown that the correlation of spin measurements in Bell's form of the EPR paradox can be explained as deriving from spin of the entangled particles in the x-direction. This spin parameter is not hidden as it is included in the standard quantum mechanical formulation.

Jan 1, 20190 citations

Remarks on Bell's Inequality

Zhengjun Cao, Lihua Liu

Quantum entanglement is of great importance to quantum cryptography and computation. So far, all experimental demonstrations of entanglement are designed to check Bell's inequality which is based on Bell's formulation for EPR paradox. In this note, we specify the assumptions needed in Bell's mathematical argument. We then show the contradictions among these assumptions. As a result, it becomes very easy to see that Bell's inequality is trivial.

Feb 1, 20180 citations

Experimental Counterexample to Bell’s Locality Criterion

Ghenadie N. Mardari

The EPR paradox was caused by the provision that quantum variables must have pre-existing values. This type of "hidden property realism" was later falsified by Bell's Theorem. Accordingly, the physical basis for action-at-a-distance between entangled quanta was removed. Yet, modern interpretations present Bell's inequality as a Locality Criterion, as if Bell violations can only happen at the quantum level, and only with remote interactions. This is a questionable practice, considering that classical joint measurements also violate such inequalities for mutually exclusive wave properties. In particular, consecutive measurements of polarization produce the same coefficients of correlation as parallel measurements with entangled quanta, yet they are explicitly local. Furthermore, it is possible to combine parallel and consecutive measurements of Type I polarization-entangled photons in a single experiment, conclusively showing that quantum Bell violations can be local. Surprisingly, classical phenomena also require nonlocal interpretations if pre-existing properties are taken for granted. Hence, the solution is to reject the models with pre-existing properties for both classical and quantum wave-like phenomena.The EPR paradox was caused by the provision that quantum variables must have pre-existing values. This type of "hidden property realism" was later falsified by Bell's Theorem. Accordingly, the physical basis for action-at-a-distance between entangled quanta was removed. Yet, modern interpretations present Bell's inequality as a Locality Criterion, as if Bell violations can only happen at the quantum level, and only with remote interactions. This is a questionable practice, considering that classical joint measurements also violate such inequalities for mutually exclusive wave properties. In particular, consecutive measurements of polarization produce the same coefficients of correlation as parallel measurements with entangled quanta, yet they are explicitly local. Furthermore, it is possible to combine parallel and consecutive measurements of Type I polarization-entangled photons in a single experiment, conclusively showing that quantum Bell violations can be local. Surprisingly, classical phenomena also require nonlocal interpretations if pre-existing properties are taken for granted. Hence, the solution is to reject the models with pre-existing properties for both classical and quantum wave-like phenomena.

EntropyNov 29, 20226 citations

Resolving the EPR Paradox and Bell's Theorem

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Resolving the EPR Paradox and Bell's Theorem

Abstract

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