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Rocket-Space Device Engineering and Information Systems

Prospective Quantum-Optical Technologies for Satellite Navigation Challenges

N. Kolachevsky, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, Ilia V. Zalivako, Ilya A. Semerikov, A.S. Borisenko, Igor V. Sherstov, Sergei N Bagaev, A.A. Lugovoy, О.N. Prudnikov, A. V. Taǐchenachev, S. V. Chepurov

Published Mar 1, 2018• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.30894/issn2409-0239.2018.5.1.13.27

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Review of Quantum navigation

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With the continuous improvement of the demand for navigation and positioning services, the accuracy and security of traditional navigation systems have become the limits of future applications.The development of quantum technology has become the hope of a new generation of navigation systems.This paper summarizes and analyzes the research status of quantum active positioning system and passive positioning system and their core technologies, and compares their advantages and disadvantages, and the future development trend of the corresponding technology.Finally, based on the analysis of the problems of quantum navigation system, this paper proposes a solution that may be applied in the future, and puts forward the prospect of the development of quantum navigation system. 1.IntroductionThe position of an object in space can be referred to as its spatial information.Since ancient times, people's daily life has always been closely related to time and space information.We have made great efforts to get our own accurate spatial information.According to statistics, more than 85% of our information is related to time and space.People's demand for positioning and navigation is increasing, and the dependence on location services is becoming stronger.The breadth and depth of application of positioning and navigation are also gradually expanding.In March 2017, the European Navigation Satellite System Authority (GSA) released the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Market Report, which is expected to cover the global GNSS industry in 2025, including eight application areas such like location services, roads, aviation, maritime, agriculture, where location service and road applications account for more than 90% of the market.It can be seen that people's increasingly strong dependence on positioning and navigation makes the breadth and depth of the application field of positioning and navigation gradually expand.Although the application of GNSS represented by GPS has been widely used, its accuracy and security issues have begun to become prominent in current practical applications.In indoors, underground and cities, canyons and other scenes, GPS cannot provide continuous and accurate services due to occlusion of signals.In addition, radio signals can be eavesdropped or even rewritten, which also causes GPS security to be challenged.Therefore, the main challenge for next-generation navigation technology is high availability and high credibility.In this case, a quantum technology-based navigation system may be the solution.The Quantum Positioning System (QPS) was first proposed in 2001 by Dr. Giovanniti of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the journal Nature.It is proved by calculation that the quantum entanglement and compression characteristics can further improve the positioning accuracy.By means of the preparation of quantum entangled state and its transmission technology, QPS no longer uses electromagnetic waves, which can not only break through the limits of traditional positioning accuracy, but also provide good protection in terms of confidentiality and anti-

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Abstract Satellite-based quantum communication (QC) is an invaluable resource for the realization of a quantum network at the global scale. In this regard, the use of satellites well beyond the low Earth orbit gives the advantage of long communication time with a ground station. However, high-orbit satellites pose a great technological challenge due to the high diffraction losses of the optical channel, and the experimental investigation of such quantum channels is still lacking. Here, we report on the first experimental exchange of single photons from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) at a slant distance of 20 000 km, by exploiting the retroreflector array mounted on GLONASS satellites. We also observed the predicted temporal spread of the reflected pulses due to the geometrical shape of the array. Finally, we estimated the requirements needed for an active source on a GNSS satellite, aiming towards QC from GNSS with state-of-the-art technology.
Position, navigation, and time (PNT) distributed by the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) have become one of the most relied upon commodities of our civilization. GNSS relies on clocks on satellite, the timing signal of which is send to Earth. On ground both, the resulting position and the timing signal are used in various different cases on ground. We are reliant on the quality of the timing signal. Quantum technologies offer novel methods of probing atoms or molecules to generate timing signals of higher quality. Additionally, optical cavities or resonators can provide precise timing signals. The main challenge involved with optical resonators is the long term stability in compatibility with the SWaP requirements of space. There are several works to prolong the stability of these systems and improve the quality of the received signal. Regardless of the quality of the GNSS signal, it is subject to manipulation, such as jamming and spoofing. Additionally, areas of absence of GNSS exist, which need to be breached. In these cases (classical) inertial measurement units can be deployed. However, the inherent drift of these systems allow GNSS-free navigation for short periods.
With the continuous improvement of the demand for navigation and positioning services, the accuracy and security of traditional navigation systems have become the limits of future applications.The development of quantum technology has become the hope of a new generation of navigation systems.This paper summarizes and analyzes the research status of quantum active positioning system and passive positioning system and their core technologies, and compares their advantages and disadvantages, and the future development trend of the corresponding technology.Finally, based on the analysis of the problems of quantum navigation system, this paper proposes a solution that may be applied in the future, and puts forward the prospect of the development of quantum navigation system. 1.IntroductionThe position of an object in space can be referred to as its spatial information.Since ancient times, people's daily life has always been closely related to time and space information.We have made great efforts to get our own accurate spatial information.According to statistics, more than 85% of our information is related to time and space.People's demand for positioning and navigation is increasing, and the dependence on location services is becoming stronger.The breadth and depth of application of positioning and navigation are also gradually expanding.In March 2017, the European Navigation Satellite System Authority (GSA) released the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Market Report, which is expected to cover the global GNSS industry in 2025, including eight application areas such like location services, roads, aviation, maritime, agriculture, where location service and road applications account for more than 90% of the market.It can be seen that people's increasingly strong dependence on positioning and navigation makes the breadth and depth of the application field of positioning and navigation gradually expand.Although the application of GNSS represented by GPS has been widely used, its accuracy and security issues have begun to become prominent in current practical applications.In indoors, underground and cities, canyons and other scenes, GPS cannot provide continuous and accurate services due to occlusion of signals.In addition, radio signals can be eavesdropped or even rewritten, which also causes GPS security to be challenged.Therefore, the main challenge for next-generation navigation technology is high availability and high credibility.In this case, a quantum technology-based navigation system may be the solution.The Quantum Positioning System (QPS) was first proposed in 2001 by Dr. Giovanniti of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the journal Nature.It is proved by calculation that the quantum entanglement and compression characteristics can further improve the positioning accuracy.By means of the preparation of quantum entangled state and its transmission technology, QPS no longer uses electromagnetic waves, which can not only break through the limits of traditional positioning accuracy, but also provide good protection in terms of confidentiality and anti-