Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

Physical Layer Security in Visible Light Communication Systems With Randomly Located Colluding Eavesdroppers

Sunghwan Cho, Gaojie Chen, Justin P. Coon

Published Mar 29, 2018• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This letter investigates the secrecy performance in visible light communication (VLC) in the presence of randomly located colluding eavesdroppers (EDs). Colluding EDs can combine their observations and degrade the secrecy performance of the VLC systems. Utilizing the numerical inversion of a characteristic function, the probability distribution of the combined signal-to-noise ratio of colluding EDs is analyzed. The closed-form expression of the secrecy outage probability is derived and verified by Monte Carlo simulations.

DOI
10.1109/lwc.2018.2820709

Related papers

On Secure VLC Systems With Spatially Random Terminals

Gaofeng Pan, Jia Ye, Zhiguo Ding

This letter investigates the secrecy performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system with a legitimate receiver and a group of eavesdroppers. Considering the randomness of the locations of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdroppers, the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio over the VLC downlinks are characterized; then, we derive the closed-form analytical expressions for secrecy outage probability and the average secrecy capacity by using stochastic geometry method. Finally, simulations are carried on to verify our proposed analytical models.

IEEE Communications Letters•Dec 22, 2016•95 citations

Impact of multipath reflections on secrecy in VLC systems with randomly located eavesdroppers

Sung Hwan Cho, Gaojie Chen, Hyunchae Chun +2 more

Considering reflected light in physical layer security (PLS) is very important because a small portion of reflected light enables an eavesdropper (ED) to acquire legitimate information. Moreover, it would be a practical strategy for an ED to be located at an outer area of the room, where the reflection light is strong, in order to escape the vigilance of a legitimate user. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the impact of multipath reflections on PLS in visible light communication in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers. We apply spatial point processes to characterize randomly distributed EDs. The generalized error in signal-to-noise ratio that occurs when reflections are ignored is defined as a function of the distance between the receiver and the wall. We use this error for quantifying the domain of interest that needs to be considered from the secrecy viewpoint. Furthermore, we investigate how the reflection affects the secrecy outage probability (SOP). It is shown that the effect of the reflection on the SOP can be removed by adjusting the light emitting diode configuration. Monte Carlo simulations and numerical results are given to verify our analysis.

IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference•Apr 1, 2018•24 citations

Secrecy Performance Analysis of a VLC System with a Randomly Positioned Eavesdropper

K. Nagaraja, P. Somesh Kumar Reddy, Rahul K. Pal +1 more

Over recent years, visible light communications (VLC) has gained prominence as a promising alternative to traditional RF communication, offering advantages in terms of bandwidth and security. This paper investigates the physical-layer security for a practical indoor VLC system where the positions of a legitimate receiver (Bob) and an eavesdropper (Eve) are considered to be random within their circular receiving planes. For this system model, the statistics of the VLC channel gains are obtained using which, closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability are derived. The analytical results, validated through Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrate the impact of key system parameters, namely signal-to-noise ratio, Bob and Eve relative positions, and the target secrecy rate on the SOP performance.

National Conference on Communications•Mar 6, 2025•1 citation

Securing Visible Light Communication Systems by Beamforming in the Presence of Randomly Distributed Eavesdroppers

Sunghwan Cho, Gaojie Chen, Justin P. Coon

This paper considers secrecy enhancement mechanisms in visible light communication (VLC) systems with spatially distributed passive eavesdroppers (EDs) under the assumption that there are multiple LED transmitters and one legitimate user equipment. Based on certain amplitude constraints, we propose a beamforming scheme to improve secrecy performance. Contrary to the case where null-steering is made possible by using knowledge of the ED locations, the proposed beamforming when only statistical information about ED locations is available directs the transmission along a particular eigenmode related to the intensity of the ED process and the intended channel. Then, a LED selection scheme that is less complicated than beamforming is provided to reduce the secrecy outage probability (SOP). An approximate closed-form for the SOP is derived by using secrecy rate bounds. All the analysis is numerically verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. The analysis shows that the beamformer yields superior performance to LED selection. However, LED selection is still a highly efficient alternative scheme due to the complexity associated with the use of multiple transmitters in the full beamforming approach. These performance trends and exact relations between system parameters can be used to develop a secure VLC system in the presence of randomly distributed EDs.

arXiv:1707.06943•IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications•Feb 23, 2018•79 citations

Discrete Input Signaling for Secure MISO VLC Systems with Randomly Located Eavesdroppers

Mohamed Amine Arfaoui, Ali Ghrayeb, Chadi M. Assi +1 more

We study in this paper the secrecy performance of the multiple-input single-output (MISO) visible light communication (VLC) channel in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers. We consider a system model comprising a transmitter, equipped with multiple fixtures of LEDs, one legitimate receiver equipped with a single photo-diode (PD) and a group of randomly located (and colluding) eavesdroppers, each equipped with a single PD. We derive a closed-form expression for the average achievable secrecy rate as a function of the beamforming vector, the input distribution, and the location density of the eavesdroppers using stochastic geometry. We then investigate the optimal beamformer that maximizes the average achievable secrecy rate. We corroborate the analytical results through Monte Carlo simulations and we demonstrate substantial improvements provided by the proposed scheme over existing ones.

IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)•Sep 1, 2018•3 citations

Stochastic geometry approach to secrecy analysis in visible light communication in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers

Anthony Ejeh Itodo, Theo G. Swart

Abstract This paper investigates the physical layer security of indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers using a stochastic geometry framework. Unlike traditional LOS-only or perfect-CSI assumptions, this work incorporates a more realistic setting where the eavesdropper’s channel state information (CSI) is unknown, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and first-order non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reflections are accounted for in the channel modelling. The analysis further integrates device orientation randomness and evaluates security under eavesdroppers employing selection combining (SC) and maximum ratio combining (MRC). Closed-form expressions for the channel gain, SNR distribution, and secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived by exploiting the spatial statistics of a bounded Poisson point process (PPP). Results show that incorporating NLOS components significantly enhances legitimate SNR and improves secrecy performance, while eavesdropper collaboration using maximum ratio combining presents the worst-case security threat. Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical derivations, demonstrating close agreement across various system parameters. The study offers an accurate and practical secrecy analysis framework for next-generation VLC deployments in realistic indoor environments.

Telecommunication Systems•Feb 26, 2026•0 citations
This letter investigates the secrecy performance in visible light communication (VLC) in the presence of randomly located colluding eavesdroppers (EDs). Colluding EDs can combine their observations and degrade the secrecy performance of the VLC systems. Utilizing the numerical inversion of a characteristic function, the probability distribution of the combined signal-to-noise ratio of colluding EDs is analyzed. The closed-form expression of the secrecy outage probability is derived and verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
This letter investigates the secrecy performance of a visible light communication (VLC) system with a legitimate receiver and a group of eavesdroppers. Considering the randomness of the locations of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdroppers, the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio over the VLC downlinks are characterized; then, we derive the closed-form analytical expressions for secrecy outage probability and the average secrecy capacity by using stochastic geometry method. Finally, simulations are carried on to verify our proposed analytical models.
Considering reflected light in physical layer security (PLS) is very important because a small portion of reflected light enables an eavesdropper (ED) to acquire legitimate information. Moreover, it would be a practical strategy for an ED to be located at an outer area of the room, where the reflection light is strong, in order to escape the vigilance of a legitimate user. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the impact of multipath reflections on PLS in visible light communication in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers. We apply spatial point processes to characterize randomly distributed EDs. The generalized error in signal-to-noise ratio that occurs when reflections are ignored is defined as a function of the distance between the receiver and the wall. We use this error for quantifying the domain of interest that needs to be considered from the secrecy viewpoint. Furthermore, we investigate how the reflection affects the secrecy outage probability (SOP). It is shown that the effect of the reflection on the SOP can be removed by adjusting the light emitting diode configuration. Monte Carlo simulations and numerical results are given to verify our analysis.
Over recent years, visible light communications (VLC) has gained prominence as a promising alternative to traditional RF communication, offering advantages in terms of bandwidth and security. This paper investigates the physical-layer security for a practical indoor VLC system where the positions of a legitimate receiver (Bob) and an eavesdropper (Eve) are considered to be random within their circular receiving planes. For this system model, the statistics of the VLC channel gains are obtained using which, closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability are derived. The analytical results, validated through Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrate the impact of key system parameters, namely signal-to-noise ratio, Bob and Eve relative positions, and the target secrecy rate on the SOP performance.
This paper considers secrecy enhancement mechanisms in visible light communication (VLC) systems with spatially distributed passive eavesdroppers (EDs) under the assumption that there are multiple LED transmitters and one legitimate user equipment. Based on certain amplitude constraints, we propose a beamforming scheme to improve secrecy performance. Contrary to the case where null-steering is made possible by using knowledge of the ED locations, the proposed beamforming when only statistical information about ED locations is available directs the transmission along a particular eigenmode related to the intensity of the ED process and the intended channel. Then, a LED selection scheme that is less complicated than beamforming is provided to reduce the secrecy outage probability (SOP). An approximate closed-form for the SOP is derived by using secrecy rate bounds. All the analysis is numerically verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. The analysis shows that the beamformer yields superior performance to LED selection. However, LED selection is still a highly efficient alternative scheme due to the complexity associated with the use of multiple transmitters in the full beamforming approach. These performance trends and exact relations between system parameters can be used to develop a secure VLC system in the presence of randomly distributed EDs.
We study in this paper the secrecy performance of the multiple-input single-output (MISO) visible light communication (VLC) channel in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers. We consider a system model comprising a transmitter, equipped with multiple fixtures of LEDs, one legitimate receiver equipped with a single photo-diode (PD) and a group of randomly located (and colluding) eavesdroppers, each equipped with a single PD. We derive a closed-form expression for the average achievable secrecy rate as a function of the beamforming vector, the input distribution, and the location density of the eavesdroppers using stochastic geometry. We then investigate the optimal beamformer that maximizes the average achievable secrecy rate. We corroborate the analytical results through Monte Carlo simulations and we demonstrate substantial improvements provided by the proposed scheme over existing ones.
Abstract This paper investigates the physical layer security of indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers using a stochastic geometry framework. Unlike traditional LOS-only or perfect-CSI assumptions, this work incorporates a more realistic setting where the eavesdropper’s channel state information (CSI) is unknown, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and first-order non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reflections are accounted for in the channel modelling. The analysis further integrates device orientation randomness and evaluates security under eavesdroppers employing selection combining (SC) and maximum ratio combining (MRC). Closed-form expressions for the channel gain, SNR distribution, and secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived by exploiting the spatial statistics of a bounded Poisson point process (PPP). Results show that incorporating NLOS components significantly enhances legitimate SNR and improves secrecy performance, while eavesdropper collaboration using maximum ratio combining presents the worst-case security threat. Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical derivations, demonstrating close agreement across various system parameters. The study offers an accurate and practical secrecy analysis framework for next-generation VLC deployments in realistic indoor environments.