Quantum entanglement has emerged as a new resource to enhance cooperation and remove dilemmas. This paper aims to explore conditions under which full cooperation is achievable even when the information of payoff is incomplete. Based on the quantum version of the extended classical cash in a hat game, we demonstrate that quantum entanglement may be used for achieving full cooperation or avoiding moral hazards with the reasonable profit distribution policies even when the profit is uncertain to a certain degree. This research further suggests that the fairness of profit distribution should play an important role in promoting full cooperation. It is hopeful that quantum entanglement and fairness will promote full cooperation among distant people from various interest groups when quantum networks and quantum entanglement are accessible to the public.
Quantum entanglement has emerged as a new resource to enhance cooperation and remove dilemmas. This paper aims to explore conditions under which full cooperation is achievable even when the information of payoff is incomplete. Based on the quantum version of the extended classical cash in a hat game, we demonstrate that quantum entanglement may be used for achieving full cooperation or avoiding moral hazards with the reasonable profit distribution policies even when the profit is uncertain to a certain degree. This research further suggests that the fairness of profit distribution should play an important role in promoting full cooperation. It is hopeful that quantum entanglement and fairness will promote full cooperation among distant people from various interest groups when quantum networks and quantum entanglement are accessible to the public.
We explore the impact of distributional fairness degree and entanglement degree on the cooperation between different players by investigating a modified prisoner's dilemma game. We not only introduce a new concept of distributional fairness degree, but also obtain the cooperation conditions for overcoming dilemma in terms of fairness and entanglement inequalities. It is demonstrated that distributional fairness can be of fundamental importance to promote cooperation with the help of quantum entanglement.
The motivation of this talk is to investigate what quantum resources will bring about in our daily life. A kind of quantization for general bipartite games is first given and then applied to both the modified classical “cash in a hat” game and modified Prisoners Dilemma game with different distribution policies. It is shown that quantum entanglement can bring full cooperation with the help of fair distribution policies. It is further demonstrated that quantum networks will make possible playing quantum game between remote players. Two schemes are given to illustrate how to play distributed quantum games between two players on the nodes of quantum networks. In our opinion, it is a worthy research topic to investigate how quantum entanglement can be exploited to achieve full cooperation with equitable distribution polices.
Quantum “cash in a hat” game has been investigated in this paper. The new quantum game can cease the “moral hazard” and naturally leads both players to the Pareto optimal solution under the maximal entangled state. We also exploit the influence of the degree of the entanglement on the quantum game. It is revealed that there exist two threshold, a classical threshold γtucand a quantum threshold γthQfor γ ϵ [0, π/2]. The quantum game still behave “classically” if γ ≤ γtucand moral hazard can be overcome if γ > γthq. It should be underlined that there exists a Nash equilibrium between γthcand γthQ, which is unfortunately not Pareto optimal.
Quantum game theory is a multidisciplinary field which combines quantum mechanics with game theory by introducing non-classical resources such as entanglement, quantum operations and quantum measurement. By transferring two-player two-strategy (2 × 2) dilemma containing classical games into the quantum realm, dilemmas can be resolved in quantum pure strategies if entanglement is distributed between the players who use quantum operations. Moreover, players receive the highest sum of payoffs available in the game, which are otherwise impossible in classical pure strategies. Encouraged by the observation of rich dynamics of physical systems with many interacting parties and the power of entanglement in quantum versions of 2 × 2 games, it became generally accepted that quantum versions can be easily extended to N -player situations by simply allowing N -partite entangled states. In this article, however, we show that this is not generally true because the reproducibility of classical tasks in the quantum domain imposes limitations on the type of entanglement and quantum operators. We propose a benchmark for the evaluation of quantum and classical versions of games, and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for a physical realization. We give examples of entangled states that can and cannot be used, and the characteristics of quantum operators used as strategies.
This paper applies quantum game theory to three ethical dilemmas that frequently arise in negotiation: cooperation versus competition, self-interest versus equity, and honesty versus deception. Using quantum extensions of selected games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, the Ultimatum Game, the Battle of the Sexes, and the Buyer-Seller Game, we examine whether quantization can generate equilibria that improve classical outcomes while also aligning more closely with ethical principles such as fairness, cooperation, and honesty. The analysis shows that quantum strategies, through entanglement and superposition, can sustain cooperative, fair, or honest behaviour as stable equilibria, outcomes that are typically unstable or unattainable in classical settings. The specific outcomes depend on the chosen quantization method, but across cases, the analysis consistently shows that quantum formulations expand the range of solutions in which efficiency and ethical principles co-exist.
Game theory is the study of strategic competition used in many branches of science. In general, a game is a match between two or more players and each wants to maximize his or her score. In a game, the player’s score depends on their strategies. The goal is to find the optimized decision, with regard to the payoff, in conformity with the rules of the game. This thesis considers the games with two players who know both their own and their rival’s payoff. However, they do not know the strategy chosen by the opponent.\nIn a classical game, the options of players are referred to as cooperation and defect. Quantum game theory is a generalization of classical game theory. In quantum games a linear combination of two options specify the strategy based on qubit. The quantum domain is characterized by entanglement. The quantum entanglement coefficient (y) varies from 0 to . The game is in the classical regime when y is smaller than a threshold. Quantum entanglement is intrinsically non-local.\nIn an iterated game tournament, 63 different strategies contest with four known strategies. Depending on the result, they are divided to a number of groups. The competition specifies which group of strategies can obtain a higher score.\nOther types of games are discussed in the thesis. They are known as incomplete information games. In these games one player has two payoff matrixes, and the rival does not know which of them is used. We discuss the advantage of using quantum strategy over the classical game, particular in avoiding the dilemma in classical games.