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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Progress towards implementing superdense teleportation in Space

Joseph C. Chapman, Chris Zeitler, Herbert Joseph Bernstein, Kristina A. Meier, Paul G. Kwiat

Published Feb 22, 2018• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Superdense Teleportation (SDT) is a suitable protocol to choose for an advanced demonstration of quantum communication in space. We have taken further steps towards the realization of SDT in such an endeavor. Our system uses polarization and time-bin hyperentanglement via non-degenerate spontaneous parametric downconversion to implement SDT of 4-dimensional equimodular states. Previously, we have shown high fidelity (>90%) SDT implementation and the feasibility to perform SDT on an orbiting platform by correcting the Doppler shift. Here we discuss new analysis of the received state reconstruction performance in the presence of high channel loss and multiple pair events. Additionally, initial characterization of a waveguide-based entanglement source intended for space will be presented.

DOI
10.1117/12.2295042

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Superdense Teleportation (SDT) is a suitable protocol to choose for an advanced demonstration of quantum communication in space. We have taken further steps towards the realization of SDT in such an endeavor. Our system uses polarization and time-bin hyperentanglement via non-degenerate spontaneous parametric downconversion to implement SDT of 4-dimensional equimodular states. Previously, we have shown high fidelity (>90%) SDT implementation and the feasibility to perform SDT on an orbiting platform by correcting the Doppler shift. Here we discuss new analysis of the received state reconstruction performance in the presence of high channel loss and multiple pair events. Additionally, initial characterization of a waveguide-based entanglement source intended for space will be presented.
Establishing a quantum communication network would provide advantages in areas such as security and information processing. Such a network would require the implementation of quantum teleportation between remote parties. However, for photonic "qudits" of dimension greater than two, this teleportation always fails due to the inability to carry out the required quantum Bell-state measurement. A quantum communication protocol called Superdense Teleportation (SDT) can allow the reconstruction of a state without the usual 2-photon Bell-state measurements, enabling the protocol to succeed deterministically even for high dimensional qudits. This technique restricts the class of states transferred to equimodular states, a type of superposition state where each term can differ from the others in phase but not in amplitude; this restricted space of transmitted states allows the transfer to occur deterministically. We report on our implementation of SDT using photon pairs that are entangled in both polarization and temporal mode. After encoding the phases of the desired equimodular state on the signal photon, we perform a complete tomography on the idler photon to verify that we properly prepared the chosen state. Beyond our tabletop demonstration, we are working towards an implementation between a space platform in low earth orbit and a ground telescope, to demonstrate the feasibility of space-based quantum communication. We will discuss the various challenges presented by moving the experiment out of the laboratory, and our proposed solutions to make Superdense Teleportation realizable in the space setting.
Quantum communication networks based on fiber optics are restricted in length since efficient quantum repeaters are not yet available. A free-space channel between a satellite in orbit and Earth can circumvent this problem. We have constructed a system to demonstrate the feasibility of quantum communication between space and earth using photons hyperentangled in their polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom. With this system, we have implemented superdense teleportation (SDT) with a fidelity of 0.94±0.02. To increase the efficiency of SDT, we have developed an active, polarization-independent switch compatible with SDT. We characterized the performance of its switching efficiency. Finally, we have constructed a novel two-level interferometer for time-bin qubit creation and analysis in orbit, and bounded its stability.
The transfer of quantum information over long distances has long been a goal of quantum information science and is required for many important quantum communication and computing protocols. When these channels are lossy and noisy, it is often impossible to directly transmit quantum states between two distant parties. We use a new technique called superdense teleportation to communicate quantum information deterministically with greatly reduced resources, simplified measurements, and decreased classical communication cost. These advantages make this technique ideal for communicating quantum information for space applications. We are currently implementing an superdense teleportation lab demonstration, using photons hyperentangled in polarization and temporal mode to communicate a special set of two-qubit, single-photon states between two remote parties. A slight modification of the system readily allows it to be used to implement quantum cryptography as well. We investigate the possibility of implementation from an Earth's orbit to ground. We will discuss our current experimental progress and the design challenges facing a practical demonstration of satellite-to-Earth SDT.
To build a global quantum-communication network, low-transmission, fiber-based communication channels can be supplemented by using a free-space channel between a satellite and a ground station on Earth. We construct a system that generates hyperentangled photonic ``ququarts'' and measures them to execute multiple quantum-communication protocols of interest. We successfully execute and characterize superdense teleportation, a modified remote-state preparation protocol that transfers more quantum information than standard teleportation, for the same classical information cost, and moreover, is in principle deterministic. Our measurements show an average fidelity of $0.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, with a phase resolution of approximately ${7}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, allowing reliable transmission of >105>{10}^{5}>105 distinguishable quantum states. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to compensate for the Doppler shift, which would otherwise prevent sending time-bin encoded states from a rapidly moving satellite, thus allowing the low-error execution of phase-sensitive protocols during an orbital pass. Finally, we show that the estimated number of received coincidence counts in a realistic implementation is sufficient to enable faithful reconstruction of the received state in a single pass.
We report the implementation of a novel entanglement-enabled quantum state communication protocol, known as SuperDense Teleportation, using photons hyperentangled in polarization and orbital angular momentum. We used these techniques to transmit unimodular ququart states between distant parties with an averaged fidelity of 86.2±3%; almost twice the classical limit of 44%. We also propose a method to use SuperDense Teleportation to communicate quantum states from a space platform, such as the International Space Station, to a terrestrial optical telescope. We evaluate several configurations and investigate the challenges arising from the movement of the space station with respect to the ground.