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THE IMPACT OF QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES ON EU’S FUTURE POLICIES PART 2Quantum Communications: from science to policies

Martino Travagnin, Lewis Adam

Published Jan 1, 2017• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum physics yields cryptographic applications which are expected to contribute to communications security, in particular by providing protection against attacks by future quantum computers. Technology development programmes in quantum communications, including the deployment of quantum networks, are therefore being funded worldwide. Europe should accelerate the industrial uptake of its scientific knowledge in the field.

DOI
10.2760/881896

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Quantum physics yields cryptographic applications which are expected to contribute to communications security, in particular by providing protection against attacks by future quantum computers. Technology development programmes in quantum communications, including the deployment of quantum networks, are therefore being funded worldwide. Europe should accelerate the industrial uptake of its scientific knowledge in the field.
This report describes a survey of opinions in relevant technology communities regarding the best options for research and development of quantum computing, the likely impact on various sectors, and the expected timescales. The survey is intended to contribute to the preparatory discussions for the quantum technology Future and Emerging Technology (FET) Flagship, planned for 2020-30. The overall view of the participants on the technological perspectives for quantum computing is positive and it is seen as likely to be benign.
Cryptology and information security are set to play a more prominent role in the near future. In this regard, quantum communication and cryptography offer new opportunities to tackle ICT security. Quantum Information Processing and Communication (QIPC) is a scientific field where new conceptual foundations and techniques are being developed. They promise to play an important role in the future of information Security. It is therefore essential to have a cross-fertilizing development between quantum technology and cryptology in order to address the security challenges of the emerging quantum era. In this article, we discuss the impact of quantum technology on the current as well as future crypto-techniques. We then analyse the assumptions on which quantum computers may operate. Then we present our vision for the distribution of security attributes using a novel form of trust based on Heisenberg's uncertainty; and, building highly secure quantum networks based on the clear transmission of single photons and/or bundles of photons able to withstand unauthorized reading as a result of secure protocols based on the observations of quantum mechanics. We argue how quantum cryptographic systems need to be developed that can take advantage of the laws of physics to provide long-term security based on solid assumptions. This requires a structured integration effort to deploy quantum technologies within the existing security infrastructure. Finally, we conclude that classical cryptographic techniques need to be redesigned and upgraded in view of the growing threat of cryptanalytic attacks posed by quantum information processing devices leading to the development of post-quantum cryptography.
The aim of this survey-based study is to provide insights into the current awareness perception and expectations that businesses representatives see in the emerging field of quantum communication technology.Quantum communication is revolutionizing the way we perceive data security, transmission and networking.In a close future we expect to use communication systems that are more secure, efficient, and potentially transformative for various industries.The study focuses on how businesses are preparing for the potential commercial applications of quantum communication, the challenges they might face in integrating this technology, and their expectations for its impact on specific sectors.A further development of the study on larger population and diverse regions would provide relevant information for policy makers in shaping policies and funding strategies to promote the growth of quantum communication.
Quantum technologies — encompassing sensing, communication and computing — will significantly impact most research fields and, consequently, society at large. This Outlook Report on Quantum by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) examines the impact of quantum technologies on 12 research themes, and explores how scientific institutions can prepare for the changes brought by quantum-enhanced research.As quantum technologies mature at different speeds, scientific organisations must embrace them in agile and anticipatory ways. Europe scientific competitiveness and autonomy increasingly depends on being able to adopt, evaluate and regulate quantum technologies. In this context, and considering the investment needed for quantum technologies, it is necessary to build frameworks to evaluate, validate, deploy and advise on their use. The JRC, as the in-house scientific service of the European Commission, is uniquely positioned to support this transition, drawing on its interdisciplinary expertise and deep engagement with EU policy domains, to support future European policymaking.
There is mounting evidence that a second quantum revolution based on the technological capabilities to detect and manipulate single quantum particles (e.g., electrons, photons, ions, etc), a feat not achieved during the first quantum revolution, is progressing fast. It is expected that in less than 10 years, this second quantum revolution shall have a significant impact over numerous industries, including finance, medicine, energy, transportation, etc. Quantum computers threaten the status quo of cybersecurity, due to known quantum algorithms that can break asymmetric encryption, which is what gives us the ability to communicate securely using a public channel. Considering the world's dependence on digital communication through data exchange and processing, retaining the ability to communicate securely even once quantum computers come into play, cannot be stressed enough. Two solutions are available: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC); which, we emphasise, are not mutually exclusive. The EuroQCI initiative, of which EQUO is a part of, focuses on QKD and aims to build a network whereby EU countries can communicate securely through QKD. To this aim, the DEP (Digital Europe Programme) project aims to bring technological matureness to QKD by deploying a QKD test network and, through this exercise, understand what is lacking from an operator's point of view when the time to integrate QKD in their network comes.