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Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

Correlations, Nonlocality and Usefulness of an Efficient Class of Two-Qubit Mixed Entangled States

Parvinder Singh, Atul Kumar

Published Feb 8, 2018• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We establish an analytical relation between the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) inequality and weak measurement strengths under noisy conditions. We show that the analytical results obtained in this article are of utmost importance for proposing a new class of two-qubit mixed states for quantum information processing. Our analysis further shows that the states proposed here are better resources for quantum information in comparison to other two-qubit mixed entangled states.

DOI
10.1515/zna-2017-0322

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Abstract We establish an analytical relation between the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) inequality and weak measurement strengths under noisy conditions. We show that the analytical results obtained in this article are of utmost importance for proposing a new class of two-qubit mixed states for quantum information processing. Our analysis further shows that the states proposed here are better resources for quantum information in comparison to other two-qubit mixed entangled states.
The Horodecki criterion provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a two-qubit state to be able to manifest Bell nonlocality via violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality. It requires, however, the assumption that suitable projective measurements can be made on each qubit, and is not sufficient for scenarios in which noisy or weak measurements are either desirable or unavoidable. By characterising general two-valued qubit observables in terms of strength, bias, and directional parameters, we address such scenarios by providing generalised necessary and sufficient conditions for noisy qubit measurements having fixed strengths and relative angles for each observer. In particular, we find the achievable maximal values of the CHSH parameter for unbiased measurements on arbitrary states, and, alternatively, for arbitrary measurements on states with maximally-mixed marginals, and determine the optimal angles in some cases. We also give a strong upper bound for the CHSH parameter in the general case, and show that for certain ranges of measurement strengths it is only possible to violate the CHSH inequality via biased measurements.
Nonlocality is one of the most important resources for quantum information protocols.The observation of nonlocal correlations in a Bell experiment is the result of appropriately chosen measurements and quantum states.We quantify the minimal purity to achieve a certain Bell value for any Bell operator.Since purity is the most fundamental resource of a quantum state, this enables us also to quantify the necessary coherence, discord, and entanglement for a given violation of two-qubit correlation inequalities.Our results shine a light on the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality by showing that for a fixed Bell violation an increase in the measurement resources does not always lead to a decrease of the minimal state resources.
We construct a Bell inequality from the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality for two qubits that provides a stronger bound on the correlations of entangled states than allowed by the CHSH inequality. The argument involved here can be generalized to nnn qubits. The inequalities obtained are violated by all the generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of multiqubits.
We investigate the nonlocality of Schmidt-correlated (SC) states, and present analytical expressions of the maximum violation value of Bell inequalities. It is shown that the violation of Clauser—Horne—Shimony—Holt (CHSH) inequality is necessary and sufficient for the nonlocality of two-qubit SC states, whereas the violation of the Svetlichny inequality is only a sufficient condition for the genuine nonlocality of three-qubit SC states. Furthermore, the relations among the maximum violation values, concurrence, and relative entropy entanglement are discussed.
Nonlocality and entanglement are not only the fundamental characteristics of quantum mechanics but also important resources for quantum information and computation applications. Exploiting the quantitative relationship between the two different resources is of both theoretical and practical significance. The common choice for quantifying the nonlocality of a two-qubit state is the maximal violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality. That for entanglement is entanglement of formation, which is a function of the concurrence. In this paper, we systematically investigate the quantitative relationship between the entanglement and nonlocality of a general two-qubit system. We rederive a known upper bound on the nonlocality of a general two-qubit state, which depends on the state's entanglement. We investigate the condition that the nonlocality of two different two-qubit states can be optimally stimulated by the same nonlocality test setting and find the class of two-qubit state pairs that have this property. Finally, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition that the upper bound can be reached.
We investigate the nonlocality of Schmidt-correlated (SC) states, and present analytical expressions of the maximum violation value of Bell inequalities. It is shown that the violation of Clauser—Horne—Shimony—Holt (CHSH) inequality is necessary and sufficient for the nonlocality of two-qubit SC states, whereas the violation of the Svetlichny inequality is only a sufficient condition for the genuine nonlocality of three-qubit SC states. Furthermore, the relations among the maximum violation values, concurrence, and relative entropy entanglement are discussed.