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AIP conference proceedings

Prediction of interference factor for homonuclear diatomic molecules: N2, O2

Zehra Nur Özer

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Young type interference effect for quantum particles can be seen in the cross sections for electron impact ionization of diatomic molecules. Interference factor is determined for description of interference effects in the ionization cross sections. Although such structures are observed for small diatomic molecules, larger molecules are less discussed in the recent works. Interference effects are already observed in the ionization cross sections of H2 and N2 molecules by electron impact. Similar effects expected to be seen on cross sections of larger diatomic molecules. The aim of this work, is to further highlight the possibility of interference effects may be seen also in the ionization cross sections of larger diatomic molecules and also discuss the structure of interference factor. This study is a preliminary study for the experiments can be carried to investigate interference effects in the cross sections of larger homonuclear diatomic molecules.

DOI
10.1063/1.5025971

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Young type interference effect for quantum particles can be seen in the cross sections for electron impact ionization of diatomic molecules. Interference factor is determined for description of interference effects in the ionization cross sections. Although such structures are observed for small diatomic molecules, larger molecules are less discussed in the recent works. Interference effects are already observed in the ionization cross sections of H2 and N2 molecules by electron impact. Similar effects expected to be seen on cross sections of larger diatomic molecules. The aim of this work, is to further highlight the possibility of interference effects may be seen also in the ionization cross sections of larger diatomic molecules and also discuss the structure of interference factor. This study is a preliminary study for the experiments can be carried to investigate interference effects in the cross sections of larger homonuclear diatomic molecules.
For the last 50 years, there has been considerable interest in the possibility of observing the equivalence of a Young's double-slit wave interference at the quantum level for diatomic molecules. For electron-impact ionization of diatomic molecules, indirect evidence for this type of interference has been found by changing the energy (wavelength) of the ejected electron while keeping the incident projectile scattering angle fixed. The present work represents an experimental and theoretical collaboration to better understand the physics of this type of interference. In addition to examining the effect of changing the ejected electron energy for a fixed scattered projectile angle, we have also examined the effect of keeping the ejected electron energy fixed while varying the projectile scattering angle. Model calculations are performed for three different types of possible two-center interference effects, and it is found that the most important one is diffraction of the projectile off two scattering centers.
Young's double slit interference effects for low incident energy 75.6eV75.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}75.6eV electron impact ionization of N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ are investigated using the distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) for both coplanar symmetric and asymmetric scattering. Although the DWIA does not predict observable interference effects for the coplanar symmetric case, it predicts some strong Young's double-slit-type interference effects for the highly asymmetric scattering case. These effects are strong enough that they should be experimentally observable if one can make measurements in the backscattering region.
In quantum mechanics the Young-type double-slit experiment can be performed with electrons either traveling through a double slit or being coherently emitted from two inversion symmetric molecular sites. In the latter one the valence photoionization cross sections of homonuclear diatomic molecules were predicted to oscillate over kinetic energy almost 50 years ago. Beyond the direct proof of the oscillatory behavior of these photoionization cross sections σ, we show that the angular distribution of the emitted electrons reveals hitherto unexplored information on the relative phase shift between the corresponding partial waves through two-center interference patterns.
Recent experiments using polarized electron beams have shown that spin exchange effects for elastic collisions with O2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​ and NO are much smaller than for Na atoms. We report calculated spin-flip differential cross sections for elastic collisions of polarized electrons with O2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​ in agreement with experiment. In general, we can attribute the large variation of the spin-flip differential cross sections to resonances and interference effects. Such features arising from interference, however, may be washed out in the molecular case due to the average over orientations. Calculations with oriented O2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​ molecules show strong exchange effects as for Na.
The point of view of the electron How does the molecular target appear to the electron beam?Imagine yourself sitting on the electron wave as you accelerate towards the molecule.In order to understand your fate, you can think of yourself as refracted through the target with a refractive index of more than or less than unity.The former case corresponds to a weak interaction and the target appears closer than it truly is.The system is said to possess a "positive scattering length".If for a different target the PhotoIonlsatlon Region Four Element Zoom Lensphotoionisation of AI at 15.76 eV, using synchrotron radiation from the ASTRID storage ring, University ofAarhus.A beam of electrons,with a resolution which maybe better than 1 meV; passes through gas at room temperature, and the attenuation of the beam yields the scattering cross-section.A great variety of species has been studied with this apparatus, ranging from the simplest diatomics, H2, N2, O2 to more complex molecules such as benzene, hexafiuorobenzene and still larger species such as naphthalene or anthracene.These studies have revealed a number of fascinating quantum scattering phenomena, some known or strongly suspected from theory, such as powerful rotational excitation in polar molecules with cross-sections of several thousand A2, others unknown and which remain largely unexplained. - Collision RegionA. Fig. 1: The cold electron experiment on the ASTRID storage ring (Aarhus).The apparatus may be immersed in a magnetic field for measurement of backward scattering cross-sections.
The ionization of low-Rydberg-state He atoms in the n 1P^{1}P1P state (n=14) in collisions with the polar molecules NH3{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}NH3​, SO2{\mathrm{SO}}_{2}SO2​, and acetone (C3{\mathrm{C}}_{3}C3​H6{\mathrm{H}}_{6}H6​O) is carried out in a crossed-beam experiment at thermal kinetic energies. The dependence of the experimental ionization cross sections ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{i}^{\mathrm{expt}}$ on the relative velocity of the reactants is obtained by a time-of-flight method. We observe that it varies mainly as 1/vr2{v}_{r}^{2}vr2​ in a large part of the studied velocity range, while a 1/vr{v}_{r}vr​ velocity dependence is predicted by the free-electron model for the higher Rydberg levels.