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Journal of Modern Optics

Polarization and coherence in the Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect

Xianlong Liu, Gaofeng Wu, Xiaoyan Pang, David Kuebel, Taco D. Visser

Published Mar 1, 2018• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the correlation of intensity fluctuations in random electromagnetic beams, the so-called Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect (HBT). We show that not just the state of coherence of the source, but also its state of polarization has a strong influence on the far-zone correlations. Different types of sources are found to have different upper bounds for the normalized HBT coefficient.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2018.1443223

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We study the correlation of intensity fluctuations in random electromagnetic beams, the so-called Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect (HBT). We show that not just the state of coherence of the source, but also its state of polarization has a strong influence on the far-zone correlations. Different types of sources are found to have different upper bounds for the normalized HBT coefficient.
Spatiotemporal coupling is present when the electric fields of any pulsed beams fail to separate into a product of purely spatial and temporal factors, and it affects ultimately on the propagation of the light. Here we study the effect of spatiotemporal coupling on the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect for the first time, with the help of our recent developed method [ Opt. Express 28 , 32077 ( 2020 ) 10.1364/OE.405726 ], by assuming the Gaussian statistics of partially coherent spatiotemporal pulsed sources containing the intensity and correlation coupling effect between the spatial and temporal domain. The generalized results for the spatiotemporal coupling HBT effect are investigated and through a nontrivial two-dimensional case, we numerically illustrate the influence of the spatiotemporal coupling on the HBT effect. It observes that even a very tiny coupling effect will strongly change the HBT effect at longer distances. This work will be potentially useful for the study of the HBT effect (intensity-intensity correlations) with dynamic sources having spatiotemporal coupling in both optics and other branches of physics.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect has broad applications in optics and other branches of physics, and traditionally this effect is considered in pure spatial or temporal domain. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal HBT effect, extending this phenomenon from spatial or temporal to spatiotemporal domain. By assuming the Gaussian statistics of partially coherent spatiotemporal pulsed sources, we find the generalized analytical results for spatiotemporal HBT effect in the compact form, with the help of the matrix-optics method, which can consider the HBT effect in spatial and temporal domain simultaneously. Furthermore, for Gaussian Schell-model pulsed beams (GSMPBs) used as a spatiotemporal correlated source, we have obtained the generalized expression to calculate spatiotemporal HBT effect, which is useful for up to three-dimensional cases in any second-order linear dispersive medium. By taking a simple two-dimensional case and using air as an example of a linear dispersive medium, we numerically illustrate the properties of the spatiotemporal HBT effect by adjusting the spatial and temporal parameters of the GSMPB source, and reveal the influence of both the spatial and temporal parameters on the spatiotemporal HBT effect. This work paves the path towards the detailed study of HBT effect for a source containing spatiotemporal information with Gaussian statistics.
The Hanbury Brown–Twiss (HBT) effect, at the quantum level, is essentially an interference of one particle with another, as opposed to interference of a particle with itself. Conventional treatments of identical particles encounter difficulties while dealing with entanglement. A recently introduced label-free approach to indistinguishable particles is described, and is used to analyze the HBT effect. Quantum wave-packets have been used to provide a better understanding of the quantum interpretation of the HBT effect. The effect is demonstrated for two independent particles governed by Bose–Einstein or Fermi–Dirac statistics. The HBT effect is also analyzed for pairs of entangled particles. Surprisingly, entanglement has almost no effect on the interference seen in the HBT effect. In the light of the results, an old quantum optics experiment is reanalyzed, and it is argued that the interference seen in that experiment is not a consequence of non-local correlations between the photons, as is commonly believed. Quanta 2017; 6: 61–69.