Matter-wave solitons in heteronuclear atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with synchronously controllable interactions and potentials
Cai-Ying Ding, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Dun Zhao +2 more
We investigate exact matter-wave soliton pairs of two-component heteronuclear atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with tunable interactions and harmonic potentials by using a combination of the homogeneous balance principle and the $F$-expansion technique. Our results show that exact matter-wave soliton pairs are asymmetric where their existence requires some restrictive conditions corresponding to experimentally controllable interactions and harmonic potential parameters. In contrast to homonuclear systems, the potentials for two components in heteronuclear systems are different, which is due to the mass of two components being unequal. Considering two explicit situations of the interaction parameters, we further explore the collision dynamics of the soliton pairs with opposite velocities by synchronously controlling the interaction and potential parameters. The collision dynamics occur during and after the simultaneous evaporative cooling of two condensates. The results show that collisions are elastic and that the solitons after the collision can keep their identities. In addition, we find that the amplitudes of the soliton pairs periodically grow with time during the cooling process and, for the same initial conditions, the collision time of the soliton pair without gain is delayed compared with that with gain. We also discuss how to observe these new phenomena in future experiments.
Physical Review A•Nov 28, 2011•9 citations