Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Accumulation of bosons between fermions due to the Pauli exclusion principle

Q. Z. Lv, Yutong Li, Qichang C. Su, R. Grobe

Published Dec 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the quantum field theoretical impact of the Pauli exclusion principle on the formation of the ground state of two fermions that are coupled with each other through the interaction with bosons. As expected, in case where the two fermions are indistinguishable, their binding strength due to the force-mediating bosons is reduced and their spatial distribution in the ground state is wider compared to the corresponding state for the distinguishable particles. Surprisingly, the spatial distribution of the bosons in the ground states is even fundamentally different for both systems. In fact, the Pauli exclusion principle leads to a strong accumulation of the bosons between the two fermions.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/120/50004

Related papers

A mechanism for pair formation in strongly correlated systems

Tobias G. W. Verhulst, Jan Naudts

We start from a Hamiltonian describing non-interacting fermions and add bosons to the model, with a Jaynes-Cummings-like interaction between the bosons and fermions. Because of the specific form of the interaction the model can be solved exactly. In the ground state, part of the electrons form bound pairs with opposite momentum and spin. The model also shows a gap in the kinetic energy of the fermions, but not in the spectrum of the full Hamiltonian. This gap is not of a mean-field nature, but is due to the Pauli exclusion principle.

arXiv:1002.1817•Feb 9, 2010•0 citations

Two particles in one-dimensional confinement: the role of mass imbalance and Pauli's exclusion principle within short and long range interactions

Daniel Vieira

Abstract We consider the problem of two interacting particles in one-dimensional harmonic confinement. By considering both particles are subject to the same harmonic curvature, we obtain exact numerical solutions in a straightforward way for any choice of interaction potential. The formulation is then applied in the situations of (i) non-identical particles with different masses m 1 and m 2; (ii) bosons and fermions; (iii) short and long range interactions; and (iv) combining all these ingredients within a time-dependent applied electric field. We analyze the role of the mass imbalance and Pauli's exclusion principle by investigating the formation of bound pairs, the expected value of the separation between the particles and the effects of interaction and exclusion principle on the density distributions.

Physica Scripta•Oct 15, 2024•1 citation

Fermions and bosons

Richard A. Dunlap

Chapter 7 reviews the statistical physics of fermions and bosons. Fermions are shown to obey Fermi–Dirac statistics and must comply with the Pauli exclusion principle. Bosons follow Bose–Einstein statistics and do not obey the Pauli principle. The distinction between distinguishable and indistinguishable particles is discussed. Finally, the method of identifying of different nuclei and atoms as either fermions or bosons is presented.

Institute of Physics eBooks•May 1, 2023•0 citations

Indistinguishable particles in quantum mechanics: an introduction

Yasser Omar

In this article, we discuss the identity and indistinguishability of quantum systems and the consequent need to introduce an extra postulate in Quantum Mechanics to correctly describe situations involving indistinguishable particles. This is, for electrons, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, or in general, the Symmetrization Postulate. Then, we introduce fermions and bosons and the distributions respectively describing their statistical behaviour in indistinguishable situations. Following that, we discuss the spin-statistics connection, as well as alternative statistics and experimental evidence for all these results, including the use of bunching and antibunching of particles emerging from a beam splitter as a signature for some bosonic or fermionic states.

arXiv:quant-ph/0511002•Contemporary Physics•Nov 1, 2005•14 citations

Indistinguishable Particles in Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction

Yasser Omar

In this article, we discuss the identity and indistinguishability of quantum systems and the consequent need to introduce an extra postulate in Quantum Mechanics to correctly describe situations involving indistinguishable particles. This is, for electrons, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, or in general, the Symmetrization Postulate. Then, we introduce fermions and bosons and the distributions respectively describing their statistical behaviour in indistinguishable situations. Following that, we discuss the spin-statistics connection, as well as alternative statistics and experimental evidence for all these results, including the use of bunching and antibunching of particles emerging from a beam splitter as a signature for some bosonic or fermionic states.

•Jan 1, 2005•10 citations

Role of fermion exchanges in statistical signatures of composite bosons

Monique Combescot, François Dubin, M.‐A. Dupertuis

We study statistical signatures of composite bosons made of two fermions by extending number states to these quantum particles. Two-particle correlations as well as the dispersion of the probability distribution are analyzed. We show that the particle composite nature reduces the antibunching effect predicted for elementary bosons. Furthermore, the probability distribution exhibits a dispersion that is greater for composite bosons than for elementary bosons. This dispersion corresponds to the one of sub-Poissonian processes, as for a quantum state but, unlike its elementary boson counterpart, it is not minimum. In general, our work shows that it is necessary to take into account the Pauli exclusion principle, which acts between fermionic components of composite bosons---along the line used here---to possibly extract statistical properties in a precise way.

arXiv:0903.2664•Physical Review A•Jul 21, 2009•16 citations
We examine the quantum field theoretical impact of the Pauli exclusion principle on the formation of the ground state of two fermions that are coupled with each other through the interaction with bosons. As expected, in case where the two fermions are indistinguishable, their binding strength due to the force-mediating bosons is reduced and their spatial distribution in the ground state is wider compared to the corresponding state for the distinguishable particles. Surprisingly, the spatial distribution of the bosons in the ground states is even fundamentally different for both systems. In fact, the Pauli exclusion principle leads to a strong accumulation of the bosons between the two fermions.
We start from a Hamiltonian describing non-interacting fermions and add bosons to the model, with a Jaynes-Cummings-like interaction between the bosons and fermions. Because of the specific form of the interaction the model can be solved exactly. In the ground state, part of the electrons form bound pairs with opposite momentum and spin. The model also shows a gap in the kinetic energy of the fermions, but not in the spectrum of the full Hamiltonian. This gap is not of a mean-field nature, but is due to the Pauli exclusion principle.
Abstract We consider the problem of two interacting particles in one-dimensional harmonic confinement. By considering both particles are subject to the same harmonic curvature, we obtain exact numerical solutions in a straightforward way for any choice of interaction potential. The formulation is then applied in the situations of (i) non-identical particles with different masses m 1 and m 2; (ii) bosons and fermions; (iii) short and long range interactions; and (iv) combining all these ingredients within a time-dependent applied electric field. We analyze the role of the mass imbalance and Pauli's exclusion principle by investigating the formation of bound pairs, the expected value of the separation between the particles and the effects of interaction and exclusion principle on the density distributions.
In this article, we discuss the identity and indistinguishability of quantum systems and the consequent need to introduce an extra postulate in Quantum Mechanics to correctly describe situations involving indistinguishable particles. This is, for electrons, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, or in general, the Symmetrization Postulate. Then, we introduce fermions and bosons and the distributions respectively describing their statistical behaviour in indistinguishable situations. Following that, we discuss the spin-statistics connection, as well as alternative statistics and experimental evidence for all these results, including the use of bunching and antibunching of particles emerging from a beam splitter as a signature for some bosonic or fermionic states.
In this article, we discuss the identity and indistinguishability of quantum systems and the consequent need to introduce an extra postulate in Quantum Mechanics to correctly describe situations involving indistinguishable particles. This is, for electrons, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, or in general, the Symmetrization Postulate. Then, we introduce fermions and bosons and the distributions respectively describing their statistical behaviour in indistinguishable situations. Following that, we discuss the spin-statistics connection, as well as alternative statistics and experimental evidence for all these results, including the use of bunching and antibunching of particles emerging from a beam splitter as a signature for some bosonic or fermionic states.
We study statistical signatures of composite bosons made of two fermions by extending number states to these quantum particles. Two-particle correlations as well as the dispersion of the probability distribution are analyzed. We show that the particle composite nature reduces the antibunching effect predicted for elementary bosons. Furthermore, the probability distribution exhibits a dispersion that is greater for composite bosons than for elementary bosons. This dispersion corresponds to the one of sub-Poissonian processes, as for a quantum state but, unlike its elementary boson counterpart, it is not minimum. In general, our work shows that it is necessary to take into account the Pauli exclusion principle, which acts between fermionic components of composite bosons---along the line used here---to possibly extract statistical properties in a precise way.