What happens to information carried through an evaporating black-hole horizon? We introduce a solvable model of evaporation built from coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev systems, in which an initially two-sided black hole is coupled at a finite time to a larger, colder bath. Evaporation is rapid in this model, so we refer to the process as ``blast freezing'' of a black hole. In an appropriate large- $N$ and large- $p$ limit, the two-point functions and certain four-point probes can be computed analytically. Using the two-point functions as input to a generalized HKLL reconstruction, we obtain the emergent bulk geometry of the evaporation process. We then track the information carried by an infalling particle using operator size and Renyi-2 mutual information, showing how it is preserved in nonlocal many-body degrees of freedom after the blast-freezing transition.What happens to information carried through an evaporating black-hole horizon? We introduce a solvable model of evaporation built from coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev systems, in which an initially two-sided black hole is coupled at a finite time to a larger, colder bath. Evaporation is rapid in this model, so we refer to the process as ``blast freezing'' of a black hole. In an appropriate large-$N$ and large-$p$ limit, the two-point functions and certain four-point probes can be computed analytically. Using the two-point functions as input to a generalized HKLL reconstruction, we obtain the emergent bulk geometry of the evaporation process. We then track the information carried by an infalling particle using operator size and Renyi-2 mutual information, showing how it is preserved in nonlocal many-body degrees of freedom after the blast-freezing transition.

arXiv:2609.28962Sep 24, 20260 citations

Back from the future

Federico Levi

Nature PhysicsJul 31, 20140 citations

Developing a quantum computing model for sequence annotation of interferon protein

Bing Li, Yangchao Yu, Fubo Ma +2 more

Interferon-related research has important implications for understanding how biological immune systems function. With the development of DNA sequencing in recent years, interferon has been found in an increasing number of species, and many genome sequences remain to be annotated. Since BLAST is a commonly used sequence comparison method and conventional methods have difficulty to optimize the time complexity of the BLAST algorithm, quantum computing sheds light on accelerating BLAST for sequence annotation after DNA sequencing. Moreover, owing to the limitations of quantum devices, related quantum circuit optimization methods are needed to optimize the circuits of quantum algorithms to reduce the qubits required and complexity of the circuits. This work presents a quantum computing model for sequence annotation after DNA sequencing. First, we propose a quantum gene sequence alignment algorithm that optimizes the time complexity of the second step of BLAST from linear to semilinear by combining Grover's quantum search algorithm and the quantum 01 string alignment algorithm. Second, we propose a quantum circuit optimization method based on a truth table that successfully reduces the number of quantum resources needed to implement the quantum algorithm. Third, we propose a visualization and analysis website that provides online circuit generation and simple experiment running. The experimental results show that our proposed methods can be successfully performed both on virtual and real quantum computer, verifying the usability of the algorithm. Website: http://www.combio-lezhang.online/QGSA.Interferon-related research has important implications for understanding how biological immune systems function. With the development of DNA sequencing in recent years, interferon has been found in an increasing number of species, and many genome sequences remain to be annotated. Since BLAST is a commonly used sequence comparison method and conventional methods have difficulty to optimize the time complexity of the BLAST algorithm, quantum computing sheds light on accelerating BLAST for sequence annotation after DNA sequencing. Moreover, owing to the limitations of quantum devices, related quantum circuit optimization methods are needed to optimize the circuits of quantum algorithms to reduce the qubits required and complexity of the circuits. This work presents a quantum computing model for sequence annotation after DNA sequencing. First, we propose a quantum gene sequence alignment algorithm that optimizes the time complexity of the second step of BLAST from linear to semilinear by combining Grover's quantum search algorithm and the quantum 01 string alignment algorithm. Second, we propose a quantum circuit optimization method based on a truth table that successfully reduces the number of quantum resources needed to implement the quantum algorithm. Third, we propose a visualization and analysis website that provides online circuit generation and simple experiment running. The experimental results show that our proposed methods can be successfully performed both on virtual and real quantum computer, verifying the usability of the algorithm. Website: http://www.combio-lezhang.online/QGSA.

Computational and Structural Biotechnology JournalJan 1, 20250 citations

The future is now

Bob Holmes

The New ScientistJan 1, 20121 citation

Out of the Tunnel

WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooksOct 1, 20113 citations

Thermalization, Chaos and Hydrodynamics in Classical Hamiltonian Systems

Santhosh Ganapa

We will discuss various aspects of thermalization, chaos and hydrodynamics in one dimensional classical Hamiltonian systems. We study two problems. First, we will revisit the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) problem in order to understand what thermalization is and discuss what leads the system starting from a typical initial condition to a thermal state. Here we discuss the various possibilities like the role of averaging, the choice of observables, the choice of initial conditions and the role of chaos in thermalization. Then, we study the evolution of a blast wave in an alternate mass hard particle (AHP) gas and study the evolution of conserved fields in the system at short times. We find a good agreement with the Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov (TvNS) solution, which was studied during the Second World War in the context of atomic explosions, everywhere except near the core of the blast. We then model this behaviour by using the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) equations.We will discuss various aspects of thermalization, chaos and hydrodynamics in one dimensional classical Hamiltonian systems. We study two problems. First, we will revisit the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) problem in order to understand what thermalization is and discuss what leads the system starting from a typical initial condition to a thermal state. Here we discuss the various possibilities like the role of averaging, the choice of observables, the choice of initial conditions and the role of chaos in thermalization. Then, we study the evolution of a blast wave in an alternate mass hard particle (AHP) gas and study the evolution of conserved fields in the system at short times. We find a good agreement with the Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov (TvNS) solution, which was studied during the Second World War in the context of atomic explosions, everywhere except near the core of the blast. We then model this behaviour by using the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) equations.

arXiv:2305.06327May 10, 20230 citations

N

and large-

p

limit, the two-point functions and certain four-point probes can be computed analytically. Using the two-point functions as input to a generalized HKLL reconstruction, we obtain the emergent bulk geometry of the evaporation process. We then track the information carried by an infalling particle using operator size and Renyi-2 mutual information, showing how it is preserved in nonlocal many-body degrees of freedom after the blast-freezing transition.