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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Single-spin holonomic quantum gates with coherent optical control in diamond

Paul C. Jerger, Brian B. Zhou, Joseph Heremans, D. D. Awschalom

Published Mar 9, 2018• 0 citations
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Nature Photonics•Jul 28, 2022•20 citations
Although geometric phases in quantum evolution are historically overlooked, their active control now stimulates strategies for constructing robust quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate arbitrary single-qubit holonomic gates from a single cycle of nonadiabatic evolution, eliminating the need to concatenate two separate cycles. Our method varies the amplitude, phase, and detuning of a two-tone optical field to control the non-Abelian geometric phase acquired by a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond over a coherent excitation cycle. We demonstrate the enhanced robustness of detuned gates to excited-state decoherence and provide insights for optimizing fast holonomic control in dissipative quantum systems.
We demonstrate universal non-adiabatic non-abelian holonomic single quantum gates over a geometric electron spin with phase-modulated polarized light and 93% average fidelity. This allows purely geometric rotation around an arbitrary axis by any angle defined by light polarization and phase using a degenerate three-level Λ-type system in a negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Since the control light is completely resonant to the ancillary excited state, the demonstrated holonomic gate not only is fast with low power, but also is precise without the dynamical phase being subject to control error and environmental noise. It thus allows pulse shaping for further fidelity.
Abstract Spins in diamond are ideal for large-scale quantum processors and memories. Localized laser field offers spatial selectivity for electron spin manipulation through spin-obit coupling. However, it has been difficult to simultaneously achieve the precise and universal manipulation by itself. Here, we demonstrate microwave-driven holonomic quantum gates on an optically selected electron spin in a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. The electron spin is precisely manipulated with global microwave tuned to the frequency shift induced by the local optical Stark effect. We show the universality of the operations, including state initialization, preparation, readout, and echo. We also generate optically addressable entanglement between the electron and adjacent nitrogen nuclear spin, thus satisfying the scalability requirement of qubits. High fidelity operations are achieved by amplitude-alternating pulse, which are tolerant to fluctuations in microwave intensity and detuning. These techniques enable site-selective quantum teleportation transfer from a photon to a nuclear spin memory, paving the way for the realization of distributed quantum computers and the quantum Internet with large-scale quantum storage.