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International Conference on Networking, Systems and Security (NSysS)

A secure and efficient data transmission technique using quantum key distribution

Md Armanuzzaman, Kazi Md. Rokibul Alam, Md Mehadi Hassan, Yasuhiko Morimoto

Published Dec 1, 2017• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes a new data transmission technique that uses Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) method, One Time Pad (OTP) encryption technique and Huffman encoding compression algorithm to transmit the data more securely and efficiently. While data is transmitted, requirements like secrecy, less overhead through compression etc are crucial issues. QKD is one of the most promising methods which provide unconditional security. It relies upon the immutable laws of quantum physics rather than computational complexity as the basis of its secrecy. To establish the trust between the sender and the receiver, this paper considers a trusted center that distributes and verifies the key. Also it uses Huffman encoding-a lossless compression algorithm to compress the transmitted data over the classical channel that reduces the data transmission overhead. Moreover for data encryption, it applies OTP technique with the key randomly generated by the QKD method that ensures the secrecy of the transmitted data over the classical channel. Thus the overhead of both quantum and classical channels are reduced. Finally the time requirements for encoding-decoding and encryption-decryption for the proposed technique are evaluated.

DOI
10.1109/nsyss2.2017.8267797

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This paper proposes a new data transmission technique that uses Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) method, One Time Pad (OTP) encryption technique and Huffman encoding compression algorithm to transmit the data more securely and efficiently. While data is transmitted, requirements like secrecy, less overhead through compression etc are crucial issues. QKD is one of the most promising methods which provide unconditional security. It relies upon the immutable laws of quantum physics rather than computational complexity as the basis of its secrecy. To establish the trust between the sender and the receiver, this paper considers a trusted center that distributes and verifies the key. Also it uses Huffman encoding-a lossless compression algorithm to compress the transmitted data over the classical channel that reduces the data transmission overhead. Moreover for data encryption, it applies OTP technique with the key randomly generated by the QKD method that ensures the secrecy of the transmitted data over the classical channel. Thus the overhead of both quantum and classical channels are reduced. Finally the time requirements for encoding-decoding and encryption-decryption for the proposed technique are evaluated.
Quantum cryptography using the BB84 protocol is at the forefront of modern secure communication. This paper emphasizes on BB84 protocol and its role in secure key distribution utilizing the Qiskit libraries in Python to simulate Quantum Key distribution (QKD). This QKD is then applied to the One-Time Pad algorithm for message encryption and decryption. Ensuring data confidentiality and integrity and is difficult due to advanced cyber threats and the potential of quantum computing to undermine traditional cryptographic methods. Current encryption techniques are susceptible to quantum related attacks, risking the decryption of sensitive data. Alice (sender) and Bob (receiver) use classical encryption to communicate but eavesdropper Eve with quantum capabilities, can potentially decrypt their messages. This vulnerability affects critical data security in finance, healthcare, and national security, making robust cryptographic solutions essential for maintaining trust and safety in digital communications. Our work emphasis the utilization of the quantum key generated by employing the BB84 protocol with the help of Qiskit library in python as cipher text in the process of one time pad encryption and decryption. This encrypted data dispatched between the sender and receiver to ensure maximum security, confidentiality and integrity over the period of communication.
Quantum key distribution is an innovative technique to distribute encryption keys without compromise. This paper focuses on the application of this technique to achieve reliable communication in an ever-evolving and increasingly vulnerable environment. Designers of cryptosystems have three basic objectives; designing cryptographic algorithms that adequately scramble the target data, developing strong encryption keys to lock and unlock the algorithm, and securely distributing the keys between communicating devices. The advance of quantum computing technologies threatens to expose the world's most prolific key method overnight. Though quantum computing is not yet a reality, the basic principles have been proven in laboratories. Furthermore, quantum computing has been shown to be especially suited for computations of complex mathematic equations; such as distilling the private keys from the public keys used in public key infrastructures (PKI). In this environment, it's comforting to know that the most advanced technology in the broad field of quantum communications just happens to be a new method of creating and distributing encryption keys. This technology is referred to as quantum key distribution (QKD). QKD technologies shift the current paradigm on two plains. The first is that it uses quantum principles, rather than conventional means, for distributing keys between devices. The quantum principles guarantee the key can not be intercepted during transmission without alerting the users of a compromise. The second shift is derived from the fact that encrypted data can not be intercepted today and decrypted at a later date when the computing power exists to crack the code. This shift is dependant on the use of a combination of QKD and one-time pad. Because of the quantum principles that QKD relies on, when a key is successfully created and shared, it can not be cracked using intercepted data. The keys are derived from a convergence of random operations conducted at the sender and receiver stations. Indeed, neither the sender nor the receiver can determine what the key will be until the entire process is completed. As a piece of our security infrastructure, QKD significantly raises our security posture. This paper explains the application of quantum principals used to enable QKD systems.
As we move further into the era of digital transformation, cloud services are becoming a cornerstone across industries such as healthcare, agriculture, and Industry 4.0. These sectors increasingly rely on cloud environments to collect, process, and store vast amounts of data, often integrated with smart devices. While ensuring high availability and efficiency remains vital, the paramount concern is maintaining data security. This challenge becomes even more pressing in a world where quantum computers pose a serious threat to traditional cryptographic methods. Classical encryption schemes, particularly those relying on computational hardness assumptions, are susceptible to quantum attacks. This paper proposes a solution by combining the theoretically unbreakable One-Time Pad (OTP) encryption with quantum-safe key exchange protocols. Through the integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptographic techniques, we outline a robust framework designed to secure communication in the coming quantum era.
A quantum protocol for secure transmission of data using qubits is presented. This protocol sends one qubit in a round-trip to transmit one bit of data. The protocol offers an improvement over the BB84 QKD protocol. BB84, in conjunction with one-time pad encryption, has been shown to be unconditionally secure. However its security relies on the assumption that the qubit source device does not emit multiple replicas of the same qubit for each transmitted bit. If this happens a multi-qubit emission attack can be launched. In addition, BB84 cannot be used to send predetermined bit strings as it generates a random bit string in the process. Our protocol does not have the above drawbacks, but requires an authenticated public channel in order to detect an intruder, in the way as BB84. Our protocol does not require a shared secret key.
Currently many symmetric key cryptographic tools which are known to be quantum-safe. They all share Secret symmetric keys through an untrusted medium which is usually done with public key methods which are prone to quantum attacks. One among the recommended solutions to the key distribution problem is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). QKD utilizes an authenticated Communication channel along with a quantum communication channel so that a secret key is generated. Whatever may be the protocol to implement proposed QKD, they all need both a quantum channel, and an authenticated classical. OTP (One Time Pad) is used when two parties wish to communications have to share a key called pad. This pad is a randomly generated key and the length of the key should be equal to the message so it can be sent. The proposed QKD parameters that result in almost 35.67% smaller keys for quantum security and an implementation of QKD in network which is publicly available and usable in practice.
Abstract Cryptography is a scientific method that is used to transmit secret information. In contrast, quantum cryptography depends on physical laws to encrypt information; when the quantum computer appeared, the classic encryption method becomes inefficient. The quantum method is commonly used to distribute keys, a process called as quantum key distribution (QKD). In this paper, we consider the efficiency of the quantum method compared to classical methods. Also, we discuss the security of QKD against several attacks and provide security analysis based on probabilistic models. Additionally, the paper explains how to encrypt random numbers into a sequence of photons using a QKD system for the distribution of a key. This research demonstrates the efficiency and security of QKD in sending and distributing keys between communication parties. Thus, both the sender and the receiver would be able to obtain a security key using the quantum method rather than classical methods.