We propose high-fidelity controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates in a hybrid system of polar molecules and Rydberg atoms based on the unconventional Rydberg pumping mechanism. By combining the rich internal structure of polar molecules with the strong dipole-dipole interactions of Rydberg atoms, we realize both two-to-one and one-to-two gate configurations. Numerical simulations show that the gate performance is robust against spontaneous emission from Rydberg states. The approach naturally extends to larger systems, as demonstrated by four-qubit implementations achieving three-to-one and one-to-three CNOT gates with fidelities exceeding 99\%. These results highlight hybrid molecule-Rydberg atom architectures as a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing.We propose high-fidelity controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates in a hybrid system of polar molecules and Rydberg atoms based on the unconventional Rydberg pumping mechanism. By combining the rich internal structure of polar molecules with the strong dipole-dipole interactions of Rydberg atoms, we realize both two-to-one and one-to-two gate configurations. Numerical simulations show that the gate performance is robust against spontaneous emission from Rydberg states. The approach naturally extends to larger systems, as demonstrated by four-qubit implementations achieving three-to-one and one-to-three CNOT gates with fidelities exceeding 99\%. These results highlight hybrid molecule-Rydberg atom architectures as a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing.

quant-pharXiv:2603.29349Apr 1, 20260 citations

Quantum information with Rydberg atoms

Mark E. Saffman, Thad G Walker, Klaus Mølmer

Rydberg atoms with principal quantum number $n⪢1$ have exaggerated atomic properties including dipole-dipole interactions that scale as ${n}^{4}$ and radiative lifetimes that scale as ${n}^{3}$ . It was proposed a decade ago to take advantage of these properties to implement quantum gates between neutral atom qubits. The availability of a strong long-range interaction that can be coherently turned on and off is an enabling resource for a wide range of quantum information tasks stretching far beyond the original gate proposal. Rydberg enabled capabilities include long-range two-qubit gates, collective encoding of multiqubit registers, implementation of robust light-atom quantum interfaces, and the potential for simulating quantum many-body physics. The advances of the last decade are reviewed, covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of Rydberg-mediated quantum information processing.Rydberg atoms with principal quantum number $n⪢1$ have exaggerated atomic properties including dipole-dipole interactions that scale as ${n}^{4}$ and radiative lifetimes that scale as ${n}^{3}$. It was proposed a decade ago to take advantage of these properties to implement quantum gates between neutral atom qubits. The availability of a strong long-range interaction that can be coherently turned on and off is an enabling resource for a wide range of quantum information tasks stretching far beyond the original gate proposal. Rydberg enabled capabilities include long-range two-qubit gates, collective encoding of multiqubit registers, implementation of robust light-atom quantum interfaces, and the potential for simulating quantum many-body physics. The advances of the last decade are reviewed, covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of Rydberg-mediated quantum information processing.

arXiv:0909.4777Reviews of Modern PhysicsAug 18, 20102,838 citations

Study of Rydberg-Rydberg interactions for quantum gates with neutral atoms

Bindiya Arora, Safronova, Charles W. Clark

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMay 17, 20060 citations

Quantum dynamics with strongly interacting Rydberg atoms

Jing Qian, Zhou Lü, Xing-Dong Zhao +1 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMar 3, 20140 citations

Optimized geometric quantum computation with a mesoscopic ensemble of Rydberg atoms

Chenyue Guo, L.-L. Yan, Shou Zhang +2 more

We propose a nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric quantum operation scheme to realize universal quantum computation with mesoscopic Rydberg atoms. A single control atom entangles a mesoscopic ensemble of target atoms through long-range interactions between Rydberg states. We demonstrate theoretically that both the single-qubit and two-qubit quantum gates can achieve high fidelities around or above $99.9%$ in ideal situations. Besides, to address the experimental issue of Rabi frequency fluctuation (Rabi error) in Rydberg atom and ensemble, we apply the dynamical-invariant-based zero systematic-error sensitivity (ZSS) optimal control theory to the proposed scheme. Our numerical simulations show that the average fidelity could be $99.98%$ for single ensemble qubit gate and $99.94%$ for two-qubit gate even when the Rabi frequency of the gate laser acquires $10%$ fluctuations. We also find that the optimized scheme can also reduce errors caused by higher order perturbation terms in deriving the Hamiltonian of the ensemble atoms. To address the experimental issue of decoherence error between the ground state and Rydberg levels in Rydberg ensemble, we introduce a dispersive coupling regime between Rydberg and ground levels, based on which the Rydberg state is adiabatically discarded. The numerical simulation demonstrate that the quantum gate is enhanced. By combining strong Rydberg atom interactions, nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation, dynamical invariant and optimal control theory together, our scheme shows another route to construct fast and robust quantum gates with mesoscopic atomic ensembles. Our study contributes to the ongoing effort in developing quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms trapped in optical lattices or tweezer arrays.We propose a nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric quantum operation scheme to realize universal quantum computation with mesoscopic Rydberg atoms. A single control atom entangles a mesoscopic ensemble of target atoms through long-range interactions between Rydberg states. We demonstrate theoretically that both the single-qubit and two-qubit quantum gates can achieve high fidelities around or above $99.9%$ in ideal situations. Besides, to address the experimental issue of Rabi frequency fluctuation (Rabi error) in Rydberg atom and ensemble, we apply the dynamical-invariant-based zero systematic-error sensitivity (ZSS) optimal control theory to the proposed scheme. Our numerical simulations show that the average fidelity could be $99.98%$ for single ensemble qubit gate and $99.94%$ for two-qubit gate even when the Rabi frequency of the gate laser acquires $10%$ fluctuations. We also find that the optimized scheme can also reduce errors caused by higher order perturbation terms in deriving the Hamiltonian of the ensemble atoms. To address the experimental issue of decoherence error between the ground state and Rydberg levels in Rydberg ensemble, we introduce a dispersive coupling regime between Rydberg and ground levels, based on which the Rydberg state is adiabatically discarded. The numerical simulation demonstrate that the quantum gate is enhanced. By combining strong Rydberg atom interactions, nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation, dynamical invariant and optimal control theory together, our scheme shows another route to construct fast and robust quantum gates with mesoscopic atomic ensembles. Our study contributes to the ongoing effort in developing quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms trapped in optical lattices or tweezer arrays.

arXiv:2009.03718Physical Review AOct 16, 202059 citations

Rydberg atoms with principal quantum number

n⪢1

have exaggerated atomic properties including dipole-dipole interactions that scale as

{n}^{4}

and radiative lifetimes that scale as

{n}^{3}

. It was proposed a decade ago to take advantage of these properties to implement quantum gates between neutral atom qubits. The availability of a strong long-range interaction that can be coherently turned on and off is an enabling resource for a wide range of quantum information tasks stretching far beyond the original gate proposal. Rydberg enabled capabilities include long-range two-qubit gates, collective encoding of multiqubit registers, implementation of robust light-atom quantum interfaces, and the potential for simulating quantum many-body physics. The advances of the last decade are reviewed, covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of Rydberg-mediated quantum information processing.

99.9%

in ideal situations. Besides, to address the experimental issue of Rabi frequency fluctuation (Rabi error) in Rydberg atom and ensemble, we apply the dynamical-invariant-based zero systematic-error sensitivity (ZSS) optimal control theory to the proposed scheme. Our numerical simulations show that the average fidelity could be

99.98%

for single ensemble qubit gate and

99.94%

for two-qubit gate even when the Rabi frequency of the gate laser acquires

10%

fluctuations. We also find that the optimized scheme can also reduce errors caused by higher order perturbation terms in deriving the Hamiltonian of the ensemble atoms. To address the experimental issue of decoherence error between the ground state and Rydberg levels in Rydberg ensemble, we introduce a dispersive coupling regime between Rydberg and ground levels, based on which the Rydberg state is adiabatically discarded. The numerical simulation demonstrate that the quantum gate is enhanced. By combining strong Rydberg atom interactions, nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation, dynamical invariant and optimal control theory together, our scheme shows another route to construct fast and robust quantum gates with mesoscopic atomic ensembles. Our study contributes to the ongoing effort in developing quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms trapped in optical lattices or tweezer arrays.