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Optics Letters

Controllable photonic crystal with periodic Raman gain in a coherent atomic medium

Zhaoyang Zhang, Jingliang Feng, Xing Liu, Jiteng Sheng, Yiqi Zhang, Yanpeng Zhang, Min Xiao

Published Feb 13, 2018• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With two sets of standing-wave fields built in a thermal rubidium vapor cell, we have established a controllable photonic crystal with periodic gain in a coherently prepared N-type four-level atomic configuration. First, the photonic lattice constructed by a resonant standing-wave coupling field results in a spatially modulated susceptibility and makes the signal field diffract in a discrete manner under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. Then, with the addition of the standing-wave pump field, the N-type atomic medium can induce a periodic Raman gain on the signal field, which can be effectively controlled by tuning the pertinent atomic parameters. The experimental demonstration of such a real-time reconfigurable photonic crystal structure with periodic Raman gain can pave the way for realizing desired applications predicted in the gain-modulated periodic optical systems.

DOI
10.1364/ol.43.000919

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With two sets of standing-wave fields built in a thermal rubidium vapor cell, we have established a controllable photonic crystal with periodic gain in a coherently prepared N-type four-level atomic configuration. First, the photonic lattice constructed by a resonant standing-wave coupling field results in a spatially modulated susceptibility and makes the signal field diffract in a discrete manner under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. Then, with the addition of the standing-wave pump field, the N-type atomic medium can induce a periodic Raman gain on the signal field, which can be effectively controlled by tuning the pertinent atomic parameters. The experimental demonstration of such a real-time reconfigurable photonic crystal structure with periodic Raman gain can pave the way for realizing desired applications predicted in the gain-modulated periodic optical systems.
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We consider dynamically controllable periodic structures (gratings), resulting from Raman interaction of a weak probe field with a standing-wave pump and a second control laser field in four-level atomic media of NNN type. The gratings under study are induced due to periodic spatial modulation of the Raman gain in a standing pump field and fundamentally differ from the ones based on electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that spectral and transmission properties of these gratings can be controlled with the help of an additional weak field (control field) by varying its intensity or frequency. Small variations of the control field intensity can change the system from opaque to transparent and vice versa and this structure can operate as an all-optical transistor. Such a structure can also be used as a tunable nonlinear mirror with amplification.
We experimentally demonstrated the formation of a one-dimensional electromagnetically induced optical lattice in coherently prepared three-level 85Rb Rydberg atomic vapors with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The one-dimensional photonic lattice was optically induced by a coupling field with a spatially periodical intensity distribution deriving from the interference of two strong Gaussian beams from the same laser source (~480 nm). Under the Rydberg-EIT condition, the incident weak probe beam can feel a tunable spatially modulated susceptibility, which is verified by the controllable discrete diffraction pattern observed at the output plane of the vapor cell. This investigation not only opens the door for experimentally introducing the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms to govern the beam dynamics in photonic lattices based on atomic coherence but also provides an easily accessible periodic environment for exploring Rydberg-atom physics and related applications.
Abstract We study light-pulse propagation in a dynamically controllable periodic structure (grating) resulting from Raman interaction of a weak probe pulse with a standing-wave pump and a second control laser field in N-type four-level atomic media. The grating is induced due to periodic spatial modulation of the Raman gain in a standing pump field (Raman gain grating). We show that it is possible to control both the probe pulse amplitude and the group velocity of the pulse from subluminal to superluminal by varying the pump or control field. Such a grating is of interest for all-optical switches and transistors.
A kind of photonic crystal structure with modulation of the refractive index is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The combination of EIT with periodically modulated refractive index medium gives rise to high efficiency reflection as well as forbidden transmission in a three-level atomic system coupled by standing wave. We show an accurate theoretical simulation via transfer-matrix theory, automatically accounting for multilayer reflections, thus fully demonstrate the existence of photonic crystal structure in atomic vapor.