IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData)
Seamless Cryptographic Key Generation via Off-the-Shelf Telecommunication Components for End-to-End Data Encryption
Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems have already attained much attention for providing end-to-end data encryption to the subscribers. However, it is very important that the QKD infrastructure is compatible with the already existing telecommunication networks for a smooth transition and integration with the classical data traffic. Optical fibers and commercially available transceivers are the key element for implementing the quantum network because of the strong dependence of secure key rate on the loss budget and excess noise. In this paper, we report the feasibility of using off-the shelf telecommunication components to enable high performance Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) systems that can yield secure key rates in the range of 100 Mbit/s under practical operating conditions. Classical multilevel phase modulated signals (m-PSK) are evaluated in-terms of secure key generation and transmission distance when they are implemented and detected with classical coherent receiver. The traditional receiver is discussed, aided by the phase noise cancellation based digital signal processing module for detecting the complex quantum signals. Furthermore, we have discussed the compatibility of multiplexers and de-multiplexers for wavelength division multiplexed quantum-to-the-home (QTTH) network.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems have already attained much attention for providing end-to-end data encryption to the subscribers. However, it is very important that the QKD infrastructure is compatible with the already existing telecommunication networks for a smooth transition and integration with the classical data traffic. Optical fibers and commercially available transceivers are the key element for implementing the quantum network because of the strong dependence of secure key rate on the loss budget and excess noise. In this paper, we report the feasibility of using off-the shelf telecommunication components to enable high performance Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) systems that can yield secure key rates in the range of 100 Mbit/s under practical operating conditions. Classical multilevel phase modulated signals (m-PSK) are evaluated in-terms of secure key generation and transmission distance when they are implemented and detected with classical coherent receiver. The traditional receiver is discussed, aided by the phase noise cancellation based digital signal processing module for detecting the complex quantum signals. Furthermore, we have discussed the compatibility of multiplexers and de-multiplexers for wavelength division multiplexed quantum-to-the-home (QTTH) network.
There is current significant interest in Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) networks, that is, end-to-end optical connectivity. Currently, it may be limited due to the presence of last-mile copper wire connections. However, in near future, it is envisaged that FTTH connections will exist, and a key offering would be the possibility of optical encryption that can best be implemented using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). However, it is very important that the QKD infrastructure is compatible with the already existing networks for a smooth transition and integration with the classical data traffic. In this paper, we report the feasibility of using off-the-shelf telecommunication components to enable high performance Continuous Variable-Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) systems that can yield secure key rates in the range of 100 Mbits/s under practical operating conditions. Multilevel phase modulated signals ( m -PSK) are evaluated in terms of secure key rates and transmission distances. The traditional receiver is discussed, aided by the phase noise cancellation based digital signal processing module for detecting the complex quantum signals. Furthermore, we have discussed the compatibility of multiplexers and demultiplexers for wavelength division multiplexed Quantum-to-the-Home (QTTH) network and the impact of splitting ratio is analyzed. The results are thoroughly compared with the commercially available high-cost encryption modules.
Abstract Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one quantum technology that can provide secure encryption keys for data transmission. The secret key rate (SKR) is a core performance indicator in QKD, which directly determines the transmission rate of enciphered data. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a high-key-rate Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) using telecom optical components. The framework of CV-QKD over these components is constructed. Specifically, the high-rate low-noise Gaussian modulation of coherent states is realized by a classical optical IQ modulator. High-baud low-intensity quantum signals are received by an integrated coherent receiver under the shot-noise limit. A series of digital signal processing algorithms are proposed to achieve accurate signal recovery and key distillation. The system can yield a high asymptotic SKR of 10.37 Mbps within 20 km standard telecom fiber, and the secure distance can exceed 100 km. This result confirms the feasibility of CV-QKD with state-of-the-art performance using telecom optical components. Besides, due to the ease of integrating these discrete components, it provides a high-performance and miniaturized QKD solution for the metropolitan quantum network.
Data encryption is gaining much attention these days from the research community and industry for transmitting secure information over access networks, i.e. `fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)' networks and data centers. It is important that the newly designed encrypted networks are fully functional, reconfigurable, compatible, flexible and scalable with the existing deployed optical fiber networks around the globe. The prime benefit of having FTTH networks is the optical end-to-end data encryption that can best be implemented by quantum-keydistribution (QKD) protocols using state-of-the-art telecommunication components, i.e. continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). In this paper, we numerically investigate the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) based CV-QKD network that is compatible with the next generation (NG) services such as point-to-point (P2P) transmission and multicast overlay (MCO) traffic for audio/video signalling. We have further investigated the performance of quantum signals on multi-user fibers by emulating 7-, 12- and 19-core multi-core fibers (MCF). 100 Mbits/s secure key rates (SKRs) can be generated for inter-core crosstalk (XT) values of <; -20 dB. These results and theoretical framework will allow the telecommunication industry to extend these scenarios not only to accommodate more complex trust constraints, but also to take into account the robustness and resiliency of a complex encrypted network.
For secure data transmission to the end users in a conventional fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network, quantum cryptography (QC) is getting much consideration nowadays. QC or more specifically quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditionally secure protocol, the Holy Grail of communication and information security that is based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. In this chapter, we discuss the design issues in a hybrid quantum-classical communication network, performance of the cost-effective off-the-shelf telecommunication equipment, our latest results on a four-state (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, ‘QPSK’) RF sub-carrier assisted continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) multiuser network based on ultra-low loss quantum channel (pure silica core fiber, ‘PSCF’) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based add/drop switch. The results are thoroughly compared with the commercially available high-cost encryption modules. It is expected that the discussed cost-effective and energy efficient QKD network can facilitate the practical applications of the CV-QKD protocol on the commercial scale in near future for smart access networks.
For imparting data security to the end-users in a archetypal fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network, quantum cryptography (QC) is getting much attention now-a-days. QC or more specifically quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditionally secure protocol, the Holy Grail of communication and information security, that is based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. In this talk, we will discuss our latest experiments on a four-state (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying `QPSK') RF sub-carrier assisted continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV -QKD) multi-user network based on ultra low loss quantum channel (pure silica core fiber `PSCF') and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) based add/drop switch. A coherent receiver with local local oscillator (LLO) is implemented, which ideally could not be accessed by eavesdroppers (Eve), aided with digital signal processing (DSP) module for phase noise cancellation (PNC). With 10 Gbit/s QPSK classical WDM signals, we have recorded secure key rates of 8.65 Mbit/s over 20 km and upto 12 Mbit/s over lossless channel. The experimental setup is further extended to a optically switched multi-user network, i.e. multiple Bobs, for implementing add/drop operations to achieve key rates of 5.98 Mbit/s for a 2_2 MEMS switch. It is expected that the proposed cost-effective and energy efficient QKD network can facilitate the practical application of the CV-QKD protocol on commercial scale in near future for smart access networks.
Abstract Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising emerging technology for the distribution of secure keys for symmetric encryption. It can be readily implemented using commercial off-the-shelf optical telecommunications components. A key requirement of the CV-QKD receiver is the ability to measure the quantum states at the correct time instance and rate using the correct orthogonal observables, referred to as synchronization. We propose a digital synchronization procedure for a modern CV-QKD system with locally generated local oscillator for coherent reception. Our proposed method is modulation format independent allowing it to be used in a variety of CV-QKD systems. We experimentally investigate its performance with a Gaussian modulated CV-QKD system operating over a 10–20 km span of standard single mode fibre. Since the procedure does not require hardware modifications it paves the way for cost-effective QKD solutions that can adapt rapidly to changing environmental conditions.