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American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences

Potential Dependent Frictional Schrodinger Equation

Ebtisam A. Mohamed, Mubarak Dirar, Ibrahim Adam Ibrahim Hammad, ALMustafa Elfaki, Ibrahim Abdalla Alfaki

Published Jan 7, 2018• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

By treating particles as harmonic oscillator is obtained the friction energy related to the momentum. The energy and the corresponding Newtonian operator is found. This result in a new Schrodinger equation accounting for the effect of friction. This new equation shows that the energy and mass are quantized, if one treats particles as strings. The radioactive decay law and collision probability is also derived.

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By treating particles as harmonic oscillator is obtained the friction energy related to the momentum. The energy and the corresponding Newtonian operator is found. This result in a new Schrodinger equation accounting for the effect of friction. This new equation shows that the energy and mass are quantized, if one treats particles as strings. The radioactive decay law and collision probability is also derived.
Schrodinger equation suffer from being not sensitive to the mechanical properties as well as the electric and magnetic properties of matter. This set back can be cured by starting the derivation using the function sensitive to these parameters. Treating particle as vibrating strings a useful expression for the velocity was found using the equation of motion. Then the relation of current density with a velocity and electric field intensity was utilized to obtain the electric field intensity in a frictional medium. Using the analogy of the electric field and quantum wave function, the wave function was obtained and found to give the conventional expression for the collision probability with relaxation time twice the classical one. Another approach was tackled by obtaining a useful expression of the total energy of strings for resistive collisional medium. This expression utilizes the wave function of quantum particle in a frictional medium to obtain collision probability formula. Fortunately this latter approach gives a relaxation time equal to the classical one. The same wave function is used to find Hamiltonian operator for the both steady state and perturbed state by friction. Fortunately both Hamiltonians satisfy hermiticty condition. The hermiticty condition for the perturbed states however needs splitting the Hamiltonian into unpertured and perturbed part.. The perturbed term satisfies uncertainty principle. The energy expression for the resistive medium resembles that of Einstein and RLC circuits. Schrodinger equation for the frictional medium was also found, where it reduces to the ordinary one when friction disappear.
The damped harmonic oscillator is used to represent the damping processes in nature. Therefore it is necessary to find the Hamiltonian for the damped oscillator. The Hamiltonian is developed for the harmonic oscillator with frictional force proportional to velocity. The solution of the Schr\"odinger equation gives nonstationary states. The quantum friction coefficient is derived to be zero for massless particles. It is thought that velocity-dependent forces exist near the nucleus and therefore, the scattering amplitude for the deep inelastic process is derived.
Based on three principles taken from empiricism we establish a new nonlinear field theory which allows us to describe frictional effects in dissipative systems with the aid of a Schrödinger-type field equation with logarithmic nonlinearity. This nonlinear field equation corresponds to the classical Langevin equation and can be interpreted in different ways, taking the view of classical undulatory theory or probabilistic theories, respectively. Because of formal similarities, calculations can be performed independently of the accepted interpretation; only the occurring quantities have to be provided with the corresponding meaning. As an example, the nonlinear field equation for the damped harmonic oscillator is solved exactly. The solutions, a wavefunction and a wavepacketlike solution, a solution with Gaussian shape, exhibit reasonable properties, contain the correct reduced frequency Ω=(ω20−γ2/4)1/2 and are different from the solutions of the undamped problem. The properties of our nonlinear friction term are discussed and compared with those of similar nonlinear friction terms used by other authors. Finally, we derive a nonlinear friction term equivalent to our logarithmic nonlinearity but involving only combinations of suitably defined operators of position and linear momentum and mean values of these operators.
We examine the hypothesis that every particle of mass mmm is subject to a Brownian motion with diffusion coefficient $\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{2m}$ and no friction. The influence of an external field is expressed by means of Newton's law F=ma\mathbf{F}=m\mathbf{a}F=ma, as in the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck theory of macroscopic Brownian motion with friction. The hypothesis leads in a natural way to the Schr\"odinger equation, but the physical interpretation is entirely classical. Particles have continuous trajectories and the wave function is not a complete description of the state. Despite this opposition to quantum mechanics, an examination of the measurement process suggests that, within a limited framework, the two theories are equivalent.
Considering the Lagrangian proposed by Havas, that describes the classical damped motion of a particle, new momentum and position are defined in order to write a Hamiltonian that is subsequently quantized and expressed in terms of non-Hermitian operators. Using the c-number formalism proposed by Lax and Yuen, we associate to the quantum Liouville equation a Fokker–Planck one in terms of c-numbers. From the properties of this equation we obtain the mean values of the position, momentum, and energy of a brownian particle and we also verify the uncertainty principle. We observe that when the system is considered under the Markov hypothesis, the stochastic force is intimately related to the uncertainty principle and to the zero point energy.