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Laser Physics

Implementation of quantum logic gates via Stark-tuned Förster resonance in Rydberg atoms

Xi-Rong Huang, Chang‐Sheng Hu, Li-Tuo Shen, Zhen‐Biao Yang, Huai‐Zhi Wu

Published Jan 10, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a scheme for implementation of controlled-Z and controlled-NOT gates via rapid adiabatic passage and Stark-tuned Förster resonance. By sweeping the Förster resonance once without passing through it and adiabatically tuning the angle-dependent Rydberg–Rydberg interaction of the dipolar nature, the system can be effectively described by a two-level system with the adiabatic theorem. The single adiabatic passage leads to a gate fidelity as high as 0.999 and a greatly reduced gate operation time. We investigate the scheme by considering an actual atomic level configuration with rubidium atoms, where the fidelity of the controlled-Z gate is still higher than 0.99 under the influence of the Zeeman effect.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aa8adc

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quant-pharXiv:2610.24755•Oct 20, 2026•0 citations
Abstract We present a scheme for implementation of controlled-Z and controlled-NOT gates via rapid adiabatic passage and Stark-tuned Förster resonance. By sweeping the Förster resonance once without passing through it and adiabatically tuning the angle-dependent Rydberg–Rydberg interaction of the dipolar nature, the system can be effectively described by a two-level system with the adiabatic theorem. The single adiabatic passage leads to a gate fidelity as high as 0.999 and a greatly reduced gate operation time. We investigate the scheme by considering an actual atomic level configuration with rubidium atoms, where the fidelity of the controlled-Z gate is still higher than 0.99 under the influence of the Zeeman effect.
We propose schemes of controlled-Z and controlled-not gates with ultracold neutral atoms based on deterministic phase accumulation during double adiabatic passage of the Stark-tuned F\"orster resonance of Rydberg states. The effect of deterministic phase accumulation during double adiabatic passage in a two-level quantum system has been analyzed in detail. Adiabatic rapid passage using nonlinearly chirped pulses with rectangle intensity profile has been discussed. Nonlinear time dependence of the energy detuning from the F\"orster resonance is used to achieve a high fidelity of population transfer between Rydberg states. Fidelity of two-qubit gates has been studied with an example of the $90S+96S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}90P+95P$ Stark-tuned F\"orster resonance in Cs Rydberg atoms.
Cold atoms in highly excited Rydberg states are promising candidates to implement quantum logic gates of a quantum computer via long-range dipole-dipole interaction. Two-qubit gates require a controlled interaction of only two close Rydberg atoms. We report on the first spectroscopic observation of the resonant dipole-dipole interaction between two cold rubidium Rydberg atoms confined in a small laser excitation volume. The interaction strength was controlled by fine-tuning of the Rydberg levels into a Förster resonance using the Stark effect. The observed resonance line shapes are in good agreement with numerical Monte Carlo simulations.
In this paper, we propose a scheme to implement the two-qubit controlled-ZZZ gate via the Stark-tuned F\"orster interaction of Rydberg atoms, where the F\"orster defect is driven by a time-dependent electric field of a simple sinusoidal function while the matrix elements of the dipole-dipole interaction are time independent. It is shown that when the system is initially in a specific state, it makes a cyclic evolution after a preset interaction time, returning to the initial state, but picks up a phase, which can be used for realizing a two-atom controlled-ZZZ gate. Due to the interference of sequential Landau-Zener transitions, the population and phase of the state is quasideterministic after the cyclic evolution and therefore the gate fidelity is insensitive to fluctuations of the interaction time and the dipole-dipole matrix elements. Feasibility of the scheme realized with Cs atoms is discussed in detail, which shows that the two-qubit gate via Landau-Zener control can be realized with the state-of-the-art experimental setup.
High-fidelity and robust quantum gates are essential for quantum information processing, with neutral Rydberg atoms trapped in optical tweezer arrays serving as a versatile platform for the implementation. We propose a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme for achieving a high-fidelity controlled-ZZZ (CZ) gate on a neutral-atom Rydberg platform. Utilizing only global laser dressing, our scheme involves echoing two identical RAP pulses within the Rydberg blockade regime to realize a CZ gate and can be readily extended to a CkZ{\mathrm{C}}^{k}\mathrm{Z}CkZ gate with additional qubits. We predict a CZ gate with fidelity over 0.9995 using alkali-metal atom parameters, and a CCZ gate with fidelity exceeding 0.999. Moreover, the direct utilization of echoing RAP pulses enables the implementation of a four-bit CCCZ gate at fidelity over 0.996 without further optimization. The proposed scheme, remarkably robust to variations in driving fields and realistic decoherence effects, holds promise for future quantum information processing applications.
We propose a controlled-Z gate scheme for Rydberg atoms based on level-crossing-free echoing rapid adiabatic population transfer. We design antisymmetric Rabi frequency pulses and symmetric detuning pulses, enabling the system to completely avoid level-crossing points throughout the evolution, and the dynamical phase is naturally eliminated by the time-reversal symmetry of the double-pulse sequence. We incorporate dissipative effects through the Lindblad master equation. The numerical simulation yields a two-qubit CZ gate fidelity of 0.9999. When the Rabi-frequency fluctuation is within ±2%\pm 2\%±2%, and the detuning offset is within ±1%\pm 1\%±1%, the fidelity can still remain above 0.999. Under the same dissipative model, the three-qubit CCZ gate achieves a fidelity of 0.999. When a single-parameter fluctuation does not exceed ±3%\pm 3\%±3%, the fidelity is always higher than 0.997. Our scheme requires no laser phase jumps or fast switching operations. The zero-area pulse structure suppresses first-order intensity noise, and the symmetric double-pulse sequence avoids spatially resolved laser switching, making it suitable for parallel gate operations in large-scale neutral-atom arrays.
Adiabatic controlled-ZZZ gate for neutral atoms with Förster-enhanced Rydberg dressing
We study an adiabatic controlled-ZZZ (CZ) gate for neutral atoms in which dipole-dipole coupling between nearly degenerate Rydberg pair states enhances the interaction between dressed ground states. This coupling produces an avoided crossing in the two-atom dressed-state spectrum. Approaching the crossing enhances the dressed interaction, but also reduces the dressed-state gap and increases the Rydberg admixture. We identify a Förster-enhanced operating range in which the required conditional phase is accumulated with adiabatic return and small transient Rydberg population. We then analyze the finite-time dynamics of the two-qubit computational states under a smooth pulse. Reducing the dressing strength weakens the dressed interaction, so maintaining the target phase at the same pulse duration requires operation closer to the avoided crossing, where the Rydberg admixture increases. This dependence is then used to select the shortest gate at a fixed peak Rabi frequency in the Förster-enhanced operating range that accumulates the CZ phase with high Bell-state fidelity while keeping the Rydberg population small. Changing the Förster defect shifts the avoided crossing, while the gate parameters change only weakly. For a specific rubidium Förster channel, the selected gate corresponds to experimentally relevant laser coupling, pulse duration, and interatomic separation. We also estimate errors from the finite Rydberg lifetime and from weak excitation of a neighboring spectator atom. For the parameters considered, the spectator-induced error remains below the finite-lifetime contribution.