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High-order strong-coupling expansion for the Bose-Hubbard model

Tao Wang, Xuefeng Zhang, Chunfeng Hou, Sebastian Eggert, Axel Pelster

Published Jan 5, 2018• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on the process-chain method, we work out in detail a high-order strong-coupling expansion (HSCE) algorithm for determining the quantum phase boundary between the Mott insulator and the superfluid phase of the Bose-Hubbard model in different dimensions. A comparison with quantum Monte-Carlo results reveals the high efficiency and accuracy of the HSCE. With a symbolized evaluation of the algorithm we obtain an analytic expression for the strong-coupling boundary for different fillings up to eighth order. A subsequent Pad\'e approximation then yields a scaling function, which rescales lobes with different fillings to one lobe. As a further crosscheck, we perform a hopping expansion of the phase boundaries obtained from the effective potential Landau theory (EPLT) and find that the respective expansion coefficients coincide with those of HSCE.

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Based on the process-chain method, we work out in detail a high-order strong-coupling expansion (HSCE) algorithm for determining the quantum phase boundary between the Mott insulator and the superfluid phase of the Bose-Hubbard model in different dimensions. A comparison with quantum Monte-Carlo results reveals the high efficiency and accuracy of the HSCE. With a symbolized evaluation of the algorithm we obtain an analytic expression for the strong-coupling boundary for different fillings up to eighth order. A subsequent Pad'e approximation then yields a scaling function, which rescales lobes with different fillings to one lobe. As a further crosscheck, we perform a hopping expansion of the phase boundaries obtained from the effective potential Landau theory (EPLT) and find that the respective expansion coefficients coincide with those of HSCE.
Combining the process-chain method with a symbolized evaluation, we work out in detail a high-order symbolic strong-coupling expansion (HSSCE) for determining the quantum phase boundaries between the Mott insulator and the superfluid phase of the Bose-Hubbard model for different fillings in hypercubic lattices of different dimensions. With a subsequent Pad\'e approximation we achieve for the quantum phase boundaries a high accuracy, which is comparable to high-precision quantum Monte-Carlo simulations, and show that all the Mott lobes can be rescaled to a single one. As a further cross-check, we find that the HSSCE results coincide with a hopping expansion of the quantum phase boundaries, which follow from the effective potential Landau theory.
A strong-coupling expansion for the Green's functions, self-energies, and correlation functions of the Bose-Hubbard model is developed. We illustrate the general formalism, which includes all possible (normal-phase) inhomogeneous effects in the formalism, such as disorder or a trap potential, as well as effects of thermal excitations. The expansion is then employed to calculate the momentum distribution of the bosons in the Mott phase for an infinite homogeneous periodic system at zero temperature through third order in the hopping. By using scaling theory for the critical behavior at zero momentum and at the critical value of the hopping for the Mott insulator--to--superfluid transition along with a generalization of the random-phase-approximation-like form for the momentum distribution, we are able to extrapolate the series to infinite order and produce very accurate quantitative results for the momentum distribution in a simple functional form for one, two, and three dimensions. The accuracy is better in higher dimensions and is on the order of a few percent relative error everywhere except close to the critical value of the hopping divided by the on-site repulsion. In addition, we find simple phenomenological expressions for the Mott-phase lobes in two and three dimensions which are much more accurate than the truncated strong-coupling expansions and any other analytic approximation we are aware of. The strong-coupling expansions and scaling-theory results are benchmarked against numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations in two and three dimensions and against density-matrix renormalization-group calculations in one dimension. These analytic expressions will be useful for quick comparison of experimental results to theory and in many cases can bypass the need for expensive numerical simulations.
In this study, we perform a strong-coupling expansion up to third order of the hopping parameter ttt for the spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model with antiferromagnetic interaction. As expected from previous studies, the Mott-insulator phase is considerably more stable against the superfluid phase when filling with an even number of bosons than when filling with an odd number of bosons. The phase-boundary curves are consistent with the perturbative mean-field theory in the limit of infinite dimensions. The critical value of the hopping parameter tC{t}_{\mathrm{C}}tC​ at the peak of the Mott lobe depends on the antiferromagnetic interaction. This result indicates the reliability of the strong-coupling expansion when U2{U}_{2}U2​ possesses large (intermediate) values for Mott lobe with an even (odd) number of bosons. Moreover, in order to improve our results, we apply a few extrapolation methods up to infinite order in ttt. The fitting results of the phase-boundary curves agree better with those of the perturbative mean-field approximation. In addition, the linear fit error of tC{t}_{\mathrm{C}}tC​ is very small for the strong antiferromagnetic interaction.
In a quantum many-body system, dimensionality plays a critical role in determining the type of quantum phase transition. To study the quantum system during dimensional crossover, we studied the Bose-Hubbard model on a cubic lattice with anisotropic hopping by using the high-order symbolic strong-coupling expansion method. The analytic series expanded boundaries between the Mott insulator and the superfluid phase up to eighth order are calculated. The critical exponents are extracted by the Pad\'e resummation method, which clearly shows dimensional crossover behavior. Meanwhile, the critical points at commensurate filling can also be obtained, and they match well with the prediction of renormalization group theory. Finally, the scaling of the gap energy and the whole phase diagram are given, and they can be taken as the benchmark for experiment and numerical simulations in future study.
A strong-coupling expansion for the phase boundary of the (incompressible) Mott insulator is presented for the Bose-Hubbard model. Both the pure case and the disordered case are examined. Extrapolations of the series expansions provide results that are as accurate as the Monte Carlo simulations and agree with the exact solutions. The shape difference between Kosterlitz-Thouless critical behavior in one-dimension and power-law singularities in higher dimensions arises naturally in this strong-coupling expansion. Bounded disorder distributions produce a ``first-order'' kink to the Mott phase boundary in the thermodynamic limit because of the presence of Lifshitz's rare regions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
To analyze the ground-state phase diagram of Bose-Bose mixtures loaded into ddd-dimensional hypercubic optical lattices, we perform a strong-coupling power-series expansion in the kinetic energy term (plus a scaling analysis) for the two-species Bose-Hubbard model with onsite boson-boson interactions. We consider both repulsive and attractive interspecies interaction, and obtain an analytical expression for the phase boundary between the incompressible Mott insulator and the compressible superfluid phase up to third order in the hoppings. In particular, we find a re-entrant quantum phase transition from paired superfluid (superfluidity of composite bosons, i.e., Bose-Bose pairs) to Mott insulator and again to a paired superfluid in all one, two, and three dimensions, when the interspecies interaction is sufficiently large and attractive. We hope that some of our results could be tested with ultracold atomic systems.