Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Progress toward a large-scale ion Talbot-Lau interferometer

Andrea Demetrio, Simon R. Müller, P. Lansonneur, Markus K. Oberthaler

Published Dec 4, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Talbot-Lau interferometer is a proven tool to perform measurements in the near-field regime. It has been extensively used for investigating the wave nature of electrons, atoms, and complex organic molecules. However, when designing devices with high geometrical acceptances, which would be desirable when dealing with low-intensity sources of particles, the alignment requirements become much more stringent. Furthermore, if the particles are charged, the influence of external fields becomes quickly non-negligible when increasing the length of the device. This paper focuses on both the geometric and physical constraints of an ion Talbot-Lau interferometer, with emphasis on the scaling of such constraints with the size of the device. Mathematical formulas which set limits on the critical parameters are derived and applied to a test setup for protons.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.063604

Related papers

Molecule interference in the near-field Talbot regime

Carola Szewc

We show our progress in setting up a three grating near-field Talbot-Lau interferometer (TLI) for large molecules such as C60. The TLI is the preferred tool for showing the wave nature of large particles, as it accepts beams of poor spatial coherence and because of its scaling properties with increasing mass of the particles. The spatial coherence is prepared by the first grating, it can be seen as an array of many collimation slits. Our setup is highly flexible in terms of the possibility of changing most of the parameters (such as distances between the gratings and grating angles) from the outside of the UHV-chamber. As the interferometer and the molecular beam source are place in separate vacuum chambers, refilling the oven and adjusting the setup parameters to different molecules is possible without opening the interferometer chamber. This is necessary, as the pressure in the interferometer chamber has to be lower than 5.10-7 mbar in order to observe high interference contrast. The TLI is highly sensitive to vibrations, especially in the range of 1 kHz (the inverse time-of-flight of the molecules through the interferometer), which makes vibration damping crucial for the success of observing interference. We observed vibration amplitudes of up to 75 nm at low frequencies (158 Hz). Compared to the inverse time-of-flight of the molecules, these vibrations are not 'seen' by the molecules and are non-critical. We observed interference of C60 with a contrast of 27 %, by scanning the self-image of the diffraction grating. In the present setup, an interference contrast of 60 % should be observed with perfect alignment of the gratings. Time-of-flight measurements showed small modulations of the velocity distribution at for interference expected distances of 2.5 ms. We also show the possibility of reconstructing the Wigner distribution function out of measurements for the case of Talbot interference under experimental conditions.

•Sep 1, 2012•0 citations

Concepts for near-field interferometers with large molecules

B. Brezger, Markus Arndt, Anton Zeilinger

We study the theory behind a Talbot–Lau interferometer. This consists of three gratings in each other's Fresnel near field and accepts spatially incoherent illumination. Our formalism gives a clear physical picture and permits efficient numerical simulations. We concentrate on the case of matter waves and provide an adequate description of recent fullerene experiments taking into account the Casimir–Polder interaction between a molecular beam and mechanical gratings. For more massive molecules, the influence of this interaction is more drastic and leads to a forbiddingly narrow velocity distribution requirement for future experiments with very massive molecules. This problem can be avoided by configurations where at least one mechanical grating is replaced with an optical grating, i.e. a standing light wave. Such interferometers show improved scaling behaviour. Magnifying or demagnifying interferometer variants are also discussed.

Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•Apr 1, 2003•68 citations

A charged particle Talbot-Lau interferometer and magnetic field sensing

Roger Bach, Glen Gronniger, Herman Batelaan

We present the first demonstration of a three grating Talbot-Lau interferometer for electrons. As a proof of principle, the interferometer is used to measure magnetic fields. The device is similar to the classical Moire deflectometer. The possibility to extend this work to build a scaled-up charged particle deflectometer or interferometer for sensitive magnetic field sensing is indicated.

arXiv:1305.7267•May 30, 2013•1 citation

Nanoparticle Interferometer by Throw and Catch

Jakub Wardak, Tiberius Georgescu, Giulio Gasbarri +2 more

Matter wave interferometry with increasingly larger masses could pave the way to understanding the nature of wavefunction collapse, the quantum to classical transition, or even how an object in a spatial superposition interacts with its gravitational field. In order to improve upon the current mass record, it is necessary to move into the nanoparticle regime. In this paper, we provide a design for a nanoparticle Talbot–Lau matter wave interferometer that circumvents the practical challenges of previously proposed designs. We present numerical estimates of the expected fringe patterns that such an interferometer would produce, considering all major sources of decoherence. We discuss the practical challenges involved in building such an experiment, as well as some preliminary experimental results to illustrate the proposed measurement scheme. We show that such a design is suitable for seeing interference fringes with 106 amu SiO2 particles and that this design can be extended to even 108 amu particles by using flight times below the typical Talbot time of the system.

arXiv:2312.12974•Atoms•Jan 25, 2024•3 citations

Asymmetric Talbot-Lau interferometry for inertial sensing

S. Sala, Marco G. Giammarchi, Stefano Olivares

We study in detail a peculiar configuration of the Talbot-Lau matter wave interferometer, characterized by unequal distances between the two diffraction gratings and the observation plane. We refer to this apparatus as the ``asymmetric Talbot-Lau setup.'' Particular attention is given to its capabilities as an inertial sensor for particle and atomic beams, also in comparison with the classical moir\'e deflectometer. The present paper is motivated by possible experimental applications in the context of antimatter wave interferometry, including the measurement of the gravitational acceleration of antimatter particles. Therefore we focus our analysis on the current state of the art. To support our findings, we have also performed numerical simulations of realistic particle beams with varying speed distributions.

arXiv:1601.06539•Physical Review A•Sep 21, 2016•13 citations

Talbot-Lau Schemes and Bragg Diffraction: Theory and Applications in High-Mass Matter-Wave Interferometry

Filip Kiałka

This thesis describes theoretical work carried out in connection with the high-mass matter-wave interference experiments at the University of Vienna. Its scope ranges from the simulation and analysis of experimental data to the proposal of a trapped interference scheme applicable to a variety of matter-wave platforms. The first main result of the thesis is the phase-space description of a near-field interferometer with any number of gratings. This theory is used to analyze a four-grating Talbot-Lau interferometer, in which passive compensation of low-frequency vibrations and of the Coriolis force are expected. The compensation is numerically confirmed and its effectiveness is compared to existing techniques. The second main result is the demonstration of Bragg diffraction of complex molecules on optical gratings, to which the author contributed the basic experimental design, simulations, and the interpretation of the data. This demonstration is a first step towards applying large momentum transfer coherent manipulation techniques to the interference of heavy molecules and clusters. The third main result is a new interference scheme for matter waves in toroidal confinement. The beam splitting and recombination in this scheme rely on the free evolution in the waveguide and require no interaction with the matter waves. The scheme is within reach of state-of-the-art experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates, where it could be used to measure weak atom-atom interactions or magnetic field gradients.

•Aug 5, 2021•1 citation
The Talbot-Lau interferometer is a proven tool to perform measurements in the near-field regime. It has been extensively used for investigating the wave nature of electrons, atoms, and complex organic molecules. However, when designing devices with high geometrical acceptances, which would be desirable when dealing with low-intensity sources of particles, the alignment requirements become much more stringent. Furthermore, if the particles are charged, the influence of external fields becomes quickly non-negligible when increasing the length of the device. This paper focuses on both the geometric and physical constraints of an ion Talbot-Lau interferometer, with emphasis on the scaling of such constraints with the size of the device. Mathematical formulas which set limits on the critical parameters are derived and applied to a test setup for protons.
We show our progress in setting up a three grating near-field Talbot-Lau interferometer (TLI) for large molecules such as C60. The TLI is the preferred tool for showing the wave nature of large particles, as it accepts beams of poor spatial coherence and because of its scaling properties with increasing mass of the particles. The spatial coherence is prepared by the first grating, it can be seen as an array of many collimation slits. Our setup is highly flexible in terms of the possibility of changing most of the parameters (such as distances between the gratings and grating angles) from the outside of the UHV-chamber. As the interferometer and the molecular beam source are place in separate vacuum chambers, refilling the oven and adjusting the setup parameters to different molecules is possible without opening the interferometer chamber. This is necessary, as the pressure in the interferometer chamber has to be lower than 5.10-7 mbar in order to observe high interference contrast. The TLI is highly sensitive to vibrations, especially in the range of 1 kHz (the inverse time-of-flight of the molecules through the interferometer), which makes vibration damping crucial for the success of observing interference. We observed vibration amplitudes of up to 75 nm at low frequencies (158 Hz). Compared to the inverse time-of-flight of the molecules, these vibrations are not 'seen' by the molecules and are non-critical. We observed interference of C60 with a contrast of 27 %, by scanning the self-image of the diffraction grating. In the present setup, an interference contrast of 60 % should be observed with perfect alignment of the gratings. Time-of-flight measurements showed small modulations of the velocity distribution at for interference expected distances of 2.5 ms. We also show the possibility of reconstructing the Wigner distribution function out of measurements for the case of Talbot interference under experimental conditions.
We study the theory behind a Talbot–Lau interferometer. This consists of three gratings in each other's Fresnel near field and accepts spatially incoherent illumination. Our formalism gives a clear physical picture and permits efficient numerical simulations. We concentrate on the case of matter waves and provide an adequate description of recent fullerene experiments taking into account the Casimir–Polder interaction between a molecular beam and mechanical gratings. For more massive molecules, the influence of this interaction is more drastic and leads to a forbiddingly narrow velocity distribution requirement for future experiments with very massive molecules. This problem can be avoided by configurations where at least one mechanical grating is replaced with an optical grating, i.e. a standing light wave. Such interferometers show improved scaling behaviour. Magnifying or demagnifying interferometer variants are also discussed.
Matter wave interferometry with increasingly larger masses could pave the way to understanding the nature of wavefunction collapse, the quantum to classical transition, or even how an object in a spatial superposition interacts with its gravitational field. In order to improve upon the current mass record, it is necessary to move into the nanoparticle regime. In this paper, we provide a design for a nanoparticle Talbot–Lau matter wave interferometer that circumvents the practical challenges of previously proposed designs. We present numerical estimates of the expected fringe patterns that such an interferometer would produce, considering all major sources of decoherence. We discuss the practical challenges involved in building such an experiment, as well as some preliminary experimental results to illustrate the proposed measurement scheme. We show that such a design is suitable for seeing interference fringes with 106 amu SiO2 particles and that this design can be extended to even 108 amu particles by using flight times below the typical Talbot time of the system.
We study in detail a peculiar configuration of the Talbot-Lau matter wave interferometer, characterized by unequal distances between the two diffraction gratings and the observation plane. We refer to this apparatus as the ``asymmetric Talbot-Lau setup.'' Particular attention is given to its capabilities as an inertial sensor for particle and atomic beams, also in comparison with the classical moir\'e deflectometer. The present paper is motivated by possible experimental applications in the context of antimatter wave interferometry, including the measurement of the gravitational acceleration of antimatter particles. Therefore we focus our analysis on the current state of the art. To support our findings, we have also performed numerical simulations of realistic particle beams with varying speed distributions.
This thesis describes theoretical work carried out in connection with the high-mass matter-wave interference experiments at the University of Vienna. Its scope ranges from the simulation and analysis of experimental data to the proposal of a trapped interference scheme applicable to a variety of matter-wave platforms. The first main result of the thesis is the phase-space description of a near-field interferometer with any number of gratings. This theory is used to analyze a four-grating Talbot-Lau interferometer, in which passive compensation of low-frequency vibrations and of the Coriolis force are expected. The compensation is numerically confirmed and its effectiveness is compared to existing techniques. The second main result is the demonstration of Bragg diffraction of complex molecules on optical gratings, to which the author contributed the basic experimental design, simulations, and the interpretation of the data. This demonstration is a first step towards applying large momentum transfer coherent manipulation techniques to the interference of heavy molecules and clusters. The third main result is a new interference scheme for matter waves in toroidal confinement. The beam splitting and recombination in this scheme rely on the free evolution in the waveguide and require no interaction with the matter waves. The scheme is within reach of state-of-the-art experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates, where it could be used to measure weak atom-atom interactions or magnetic field gradients.