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Einstein was Likely Right: “God Does Not Play Dice” Does Randomness Break Down at the Planck Scale ?

Espen Gaarder Haug

Published Dec 1, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This note briefly outlines how numbers that appear to be totally and independently random switch to become deterministic at the Planck scale. In other words, God does not play dice.

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Now that we have defined, described, and tested random numbers, the question arises: do random numbers exist? Can true randomness occur in nature? Albert Einstein’s famous dictum “God does not play dice” – uttered about the then new-fangled theory of quantum mechanics and its inherent random nature – expressed his belief that everything is deterministic, that there is no true randomness in nature. Did the great physicist turn full circle to the early religious doctrines which claims that it is God’s finger that determines everything?
Einstein was one of the founders of quantum mechanics, yet he disliked the randomness that lies at the heart of the theory. God does not, he famously said, play dice. However, quantum theory has survived a century of experimental tests, although it has yet to be reconciled with another of Einstein's great discoveries – the general theory of relativity. Below four theorists – Gerard 't Hooft, Edward Witten, Fay Dowker and Paul Davies– outline their views on the current status of quantum theory and the way forward
One of the most enduring philosophical disputes in physics is encapsulated in a briefexchange between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Einstein objected to quantummechanics by insisting that “God does not play dice with the universe,” while Bohr retortedthat Einstein should “stop telling God what to do.” This exchange is often framed as adisagreement between determinism and randomness. In this paper, we revisit that debatethrough the lens of the Space-Phase-Three (SP3) framework. We argue that SP3 supportsthe empirical reality of quantum uncertainty without invoking fundamental randomness.Instead, uncertainty emerges from observers and matter being embedded within aconditioned, memory-bearing space-phase. From this perspective, neither Einstein norBohr was fully wrong; rather, both were describing different facets of a deeper physicalstructure that neither had access to. In SP3, God does not play dice—but observersnecessarily experience probabilities.
Einstein wrote his famous sentence "God does not play dice with the universe" in a letter to Max Born in 1920. All experiments have confirmed that quantum mechanics is neither wrong nor “incomplete”. One can says that God does play dice with the universe. Let quantum mechanics be granted as the rules generalizing all results of playing some imaginary God’s dice. If that is the case, one can ask how God’s dice should look like. God’s dice turns out to be a qubit and thus having the shape of a unit ball. Any item in the universe as well the universe itself is both infinitely many rolls and a single roll of that dice for it has infinitely many “sides”. Thus both the smooth motion of classical physics and the discrete motion introduced in addition by quantum mechanics can be described uniformly correspondingly as an infinite series converges to some limit and as a quantum jump directly into that limit. The second, imaginary dimension of God’s dice corresponds to energy, i.e. to the velocity of information change between two probabilities in both series and jump.