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International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)

Demonstration of resonantly enhanced degeneratefour-wave mixing of millimeter waves in gas

Nikolay A. Bogatov

Published Aug 30, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental evidence of millimeter-wave phase conjugation by resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing(DFWM) is presented for the first time. Nonlinear millimeter-wave interaction was caused by saturation of transitionbetween rotational levels of gaseous carbonyl sulfide (OSC). For radiation with A = 1.64 mm phase-conjugatereflectivity of about 0.4 % has been observed at the gas temperature 200 K, and under optimal pressure.

DOI
10.1117/12.2298473

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Experimental evidence of millimeter-wave phase conjugation by resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing(DFWM) is presented for the first time. Nonlinear millimeter-wave interaction was caused by saturation of transitionbetween rotational levels of gaseous carbonyl sulfide (OSC). For radiation with A = 1.64 mm phase-conjugatereflectivity of about 0.4 % has been observed at the gas temperature 200 K, and under optimal pressure.
Degenerate-four-wave mixing (DFWM) is an important technique for the generation of phase-conjugate wave, to which much attention has been paid. In this paper. a tunalile CW CO2 1.aser is used as the pump sourse and gaseous SF6 as the nonlinear medium, the dependence of reflectivity of phase-conjugate wave generated by DFWM on the pump intensity, the pressure in SF6, the angle between the pump and probe beams as welt as the potarization of the optical fields etc, is investigated experimentatty and exptained theoretically. Peak reftectivity of 2.1x101 is abtained at P=4 Torr in the gaseous SF6. In the Doppler-free phase-conjugate spectrum of SF6 five absorption dips are observed and the spectral resolving power is measured to be about 3 MHz.
We describe the first reported observation of resonantly enhanced phase conjugation through degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in doped alkali halides. We also describe the first reported quantitative comparison of the resonant DFWM process in the infrared with the theory of Abrams and Lind [Opt. Lett. 2, 94 (1978); 3, 205 (1978)]. The comparison for small values of alpha0L is shown to be excellent. For alpha0L in excess of 3, experiment and theory diverge because of pump attenuation by the resonant medium.
The nonlinear response of resonant saturable materials giving rise to degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) has been shown both experimentally and theoretically to provide the potential for very large efficiencies for phase conjugation and Doppler-free spectra for high resolution spectroscopy. The geometry for this interaction consists of two counter- propagating pumps (Ef and Ep) and a probe (Ep) intersecting the pumps at some angle θfp. The simultaneous action of one pump and the probe produces spatial hole burning resulting in a spatial modulation of the saturating absorption and dispersion which scatters the remaining pump to produce the signal.
We present a theoretical study of phase-conjugate (PC) emission by backward degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) processes in a resonant gas medium. In this study, high-intensity (pump) saturation and Doppler broadening are simultaneously taken into account. We develop a general formalism to deal with the saturation effects in the case of a three-level atom (with degenerate frequencies) and obtain analytical expressions of the PC field amplitude (after integration over the velocity distribution) under the following conditions: (1) the probe beam and one of the pump beams have intensities weak enough to be treated at the lowest perturbation order, whereas the other pump intensity is arbitrarily high; (2) the probe crosses the standing pump wave at grazing incidence. It is shown that the saturation induced by the forward pump (copropagating with the probe beam) leads to entirely different behavior of the nonlinear susceptibility from that induced by the backward pump (counterpropagating with the probe beam). This saturation anisotropy is specific to the inhomogeneous broadening of the gas medium, which is also responsible for the frequency splitting experimentally observed in the intensity line shape of the PC emission for large pump intensities. At saturation, this splitting is theoretically shown to be proportional to the Rabi frequency, with a proportionality coefficient critically dependent on the relaxation processes; in the case of a single-relaxation model, the splitting is equal to 1.5 times the Rabi frequency. The PC intensity line shape is demonstrated to be of dispersive origin in the case of backward saturation, whereas for forward saturation, narrow structures are predicted in both real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear susceptibility, also leading to the intensity line-shape splitting. One also finds that the reflectivity of PC mirrors based on resonant DFWM strongly depends on the origin of the saturation. For a saturating forward pump, the PC emission intensity tends toward zero with increasing pump intensities, and it reaches a finite (nonzero) limit in the case of backward saturation. Most of these predictions have been observed experimentally [ BlochD., Phys. Rev. Lett.49, 719 ( 1982)].