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Physical Review A

Three-photon interference with stored light

Piotr Leszek Kolenderski, Andrzej Raczyński, Jarosław Zaremba, Sylwia Zielińska‐Raczyńska

Published Dec 6, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the concept of a realization of three-photon interference based on the procedure of light storage and release. Three probe photons are stored in an atomic medium in the tetrapod configuration. The medium irradiated by three control fields is shown to act as a flexible tritter. By changing the control fields applied at three stages of the photons' release, one can regulate the probabilities of obtaining various numbers of photons at each stage. Some of the signal coincidence probabilities can be made equal to zero, which is a generalization of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. The interference is demonstrated to gradually disappear for an increasing degree of the photons' distinguishability.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.063809

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We present the concept of a realization of three-photon interference based on the procedure of light storage and release. Three probe photons are stored in an atomic medium in the tetrapod configuration. The medium irradiated by three control fields is shown to act as a flexible tritter. By changing the control fields applied at three stages of the photons' release, one can regulate the probabilities of obtaining various numbers of photons at each stage. Some of the signal coincidence probabilities can be made equal to zero, which is a generalization of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. The interference is demonstrated to gradually disappear for an increasing degree of the photons' distinguishability.
Storing and release of a quantum light pulse in a medium of atoms in the tripod configuration are studied. Each of these operations is realized by switching on and off two sets of properly chosen control fields. The system constitutes a kind of a flexible beam splitter in which the input and output ports concern photons of the same direction but well separated in time. A version of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is discussed. It is also shown that a stored nonclassical light is split into two nonclassical beams, with their statistical properties being steered by a choice of the control fields.
The propagation, storage, and release of two quantized light fields in an optically dressed atomic medium in the tripod configuration are studied. Using the formalism of spinor dark-state polaritons, the probabilities are obtained of finding outgoing photons of two possible localizations and two possible types, i.e., having different frequencies or polarizations. An additional interaction at the storage stage is applied which modifies the atomic coherences due to the stored photons; this results in a modification of the states of the outgoing photons. The conditions are examined for the photons' spatial and type coalescence typical of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, i.e., a zero probability of finding the outgoing photons having not only different localizations but also types. These results can possibly be observed in rubidium vapors.
It is shown that during light storage in an atomic medium in the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration, with not only the amplitude of the control field but also its phase changing adiabatically, a photon gains a Berry (geometric) phase. In the case of the tripod configuration with two probe fields the Berry phase is replaced by a $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ matrix. The probe fields are shown to be superpositions of two modes, each of them being characterized not only by its own velocity but also by its own Berry phase. If after light storage photons are released backwards, the contributions of the two modes interfere and the distribution of the outgoing photons can be steered by changing the difference between the Berry phases of the modes, due to the choice of the control field at the storage and release stages. In particular, one can turn a single photon of one of the probe fields into a photon of the other field or essentially modify coherent states of the incoming pulses.
Light propagation and storing in a medium of atoms in the tripod configuration driven by two control pulses are investigated theoretically in terms of two polaritons and numerically. It is shown that a magnetic field switched on at the pulse storage stage changes the phase relations between the atomic coherences due to the stored pulse, which leads to an essential modification of the released pulse. Quantitative relations concerning the released pulse and the coherences are given. A general situation when the two control fields are not proportional at the pulse release stage is also examined. It is shown that in both cases a single dark state polariton is not sufficient to account for the pulse evolution, which is connected with the fact that a part of the signal remains in the medium after the release stage.
Abstract We present the theoretical study of three-photon interference in the six ports Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (6p-MZI). The 6p-MZI consist of two lossless symmetrically balanced tritters and three independently controllable phase modulators inserted in each photon line path between the tritters. Three photons (Fock state) are injected onto the first tritter input ports and measured in second tritter output ports. By independently varying the phases states of the three photons, one can control the detection probability of photon numbers at final tritter output ports. The calculation results demonstrated that, at the specific combination of phase states, the three photons interference exhibited a coalescence phenomenon, which is the three-photons detected at the same output port. Interestingly, the probability of detecting photons in all combination modes of |0, 0, 3), |0, 3, 0〉, and |3, 0, 0〉 are monotonously in the equal values.