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Light sources for the excitation of resonance fluorescence in cesium.

Dennis Hugh Burling

Published Jan 1, 1966• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The performance of tba ceaiua radiofrequancy lamps designed la this laboratory waa compared with that of commercially available Oaram lamps with respect to %bof l ,r ability to evffita resonance fluorescence, *fid the half-widthe and sel£~revarsal of tha emitted resonance H a a s , the shapes of tha resonance linaa wars studied by ******* of a yabry"*Per©t * *<■*** farojaata.f1which w a a built for thia purpose.' ' It waa found that tba radio* fraquancy sources aaittad raaoaaaea Xiaaa of greater peak intensities, smaller degrees of self-reversal, aad smaller half-widths them tba corresponding Xiaaa pro* d mead bv ehm Oar an Iibd. it waa ooaaibXa to resolve tba b.f.a.splitting of tba ground stata aad of tba resonance atata aad to resolve partially tba h.f.a, splitting of tba zP^atata.tba measured Intervals betwaaa tba various b.f.a.components wara la satisfactory AQ^dNUMiAti wjLtill fflraigli MdJffli nfsfsn.yBi'fedbtfftjLiitttt oT&tiH tt3Lwi4 M r where.ii R e p ro d u c e d w ith p erm is sio n o f th e co p yrig h t o w n e r.F u rth e r re p ro d u ctio n p ro hib ited w ith o u t p erm is sio n .X should -I11*** hO BXOreSS R V »ianr*fj 4a>» to Dr. &. Urease, under whose supervision this work was carried out, for his instruction and advice, aad especially.for M s patient criticise of this thesis la manuscript form* . 1 should also like to thaafc Or.M. Czajkowski for iatrod'taciaf me to the intricacies of the.proper utilization of the djMpii^y^i^atflilr e^^puHiati ^ X Wish to acknowledge the skilful craftsmanship of Master Qlasshlower Iff* Sherhart and Mr. Iff* draws.Superin tendent of the Machine Shop, for their indispensihle parts in th* et fact I .■ en ■ of various *wMyp*»eefi t. * of-the inter ferometer.

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Light sources for the excitation of resonance fluorescence in potassium and rubidium.

R.J.A. Atkinson

Ths p ro p e rtie s o f newly developed potassium and rubidium s p e c tr a l lamps have been s y ste m a tic a lly in v e s tig a te d in r e l a t i o n to t h e i r o p eratin g parameters* A comparison was made w ith two com m e rc ia lly a v a ila b le lamps* manufactured by Osram and Varian Asso c i a te s !w ith re sp e c t to in te g ra te d in te n s ity * peak in te n s ity * h a lf width* and degree of s e lf -r e v e r s a l of th e resonance l i n e s .I t was found th a t the rad io freq u en cy sources* developed in t h i s laboratory* emit potassium and rubidium resonance lin e s o f s ig n if i c a n tl y h ig h e r peak in t e n s i t i e s and sm aller h alf-w id th s th an th o se produced by th e o th e r lamps.The degree o f s e lf -r e v e r s a l in th e resonance lin e s was a ls o found to be very much more advantageous.T ypical h a lf-w id th s of th e resonance lin e s of potassium and rubidium produced by the r a d io f r e quency source were found to be 0 .1 5 cm.~^ and 0 .j57cm.~^ r e s p e c tiv e ly , compared to th e corresponding widths o f 0 .J 4 cm."* and 1 .5 cm.'* 1

•Jan 1, 1964•0 citations

Light Sources for the Excitation of Atomic Resonance Fluorescence in Cesium and Sodium*

Dennis Hugh Burling, M. Czajkowski, L. Krause

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. H. Burling, M. Czajkowski, and L. Krause, "Light Sources for the Excitation of Atomic Resonance Fluorescence in Cesium and Sodium*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 1162-1163 (1967) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

Journal of the Optical Society of America•Sep 1, 1967•7 citations

Collisional excitation transfer and quenching in vapours of potassium and rubidium.

E. S. Hrycyshyn

The method of s e n s itiz e d flu o re sc e n c e was used to d e t e r mine cro ss s e c tio n s f o r th e v ario u s e x c i ta t io n t r a n s f e r p ro cesses 2 2 occuring in K -Rb vapour m ix tu res and f o r ** ^3 /2 ™i%ing and 2 2 2 ^1^2 ^1/ 2 ' ^3 /2 quenching in rubidium induced in c o l l i s i o n s w ith se v e ra l d iatom ic and polyatom ic m olecules in t h e i r ground s t a t e s .The a l k a l i vapour in th e flu o resce n ce c e l l , which was kept a t low p re s s u re s to avoid s e rio u s e f f e c t s o f r a d ia tio n im prisonm ent, was ir r a d i a te d by one component of th e a p p ro p ria te resonance d o u b le t.The r e s u ltin g flu o re s c e n c e , which c o n s is te d o f the w avelength component p re s e n t in th e e x c itin g li g h t (resonance flu o re sc e n c e ) and th o se components which aro se from th e em ission by atoms c o l l i s i o n a l l y p o pulated ( s e n s itiz e d flu o re s c e n c e ), was reso lv ed and observed a t r ig h t an g les to th e d ir e c tio n o f th e in c id e n t beam.Measurements of s e n s itiz e d -to -r e s o n a n c e flu o re s c e n t in t e n s ity r a t i o s in r e l a t i o n to rubidium vapour p re s s u re y ie ld e d the fo llo w in g cro ss s e c tio n s fo r e x c i ta t io n t r a n s f e r in K -Rb vapour m ix tu re s: ^1 2 ' ( ^^^1 /2 = 40 f , Qgg, (K4^P^yg ^ Rb$^P^yg) = 2 ?Q i^,(K 4^Pi/2 -, Rb$2p^yg) = 2 .7 Qg^,(K4^Pgyg -Rb^^P^y^) = 1,9 qJ_2(k4^Pi/2 -K4^P^yj = 260 f , and Q^'(KA^P^y^ -KA^P^y^) = 175 In m ix tu res o f rubidium w ith m olecular g a s e s , measurements o f the i n t e n s ity r a t i o s in r e l a t i o n to gas p re s s u re s gave the fo llo w in g c ro s s s e c tio n s fo r th e mixing and quenching c o l l i s i o n s .

•Jan 1, 1970•0 citations

Light Sources for the Excitation of Atomic Resonance Fluorescence in Potassium and Rubidium*

R. J. Atkinson, G. D. Chapman, L. Krause

A description is given of radio frequency light sources which produce potassium and rubidium resonance radiation of high intensity. The properties of the spectral lamps have been systematically investigated in relation to their operating parameters. The rf lamps emit resonance lines of much higher peak intensities, smaller halfwidths and smaller degrees of self-reversal than do commercially available lamps. Typical halfwidths of the resonance lines of potassium and rubidium produced by the rf sources were found to be 0.15 cm−1 and 0.37 cm−1, respectively, compared with the corresponding widths of 0.34 cm−1 and 1.5 cm−1, respectively, emitted by Osram spectral lamps operated at low currents.

Journal of the Optical Society of America•Oct 1, 1965•25 citations

High-intesity source for excitation of resonance fluorescence in caesium

Vacuum•Apr 1, 1975•0 citations

Inelastic collisions between excited atoms and molecules; Sensitized fluorescence and quenching in mixtures of potassium and cesium with nitrogen, hydrogen, deuterium hydride and deuterium.

D. A. McGillis

2 2 2 2 P ^2 ------P3/2 mixin8 and Pj -----* Si / 2 quenchin8 in potassium and cesium vapors, induced by c o llis io n s with N2> H2, HD and D2, were studied using techniques of se n sitiz e d fluorescence.The m ixtures of a lk a li vapors w ith the various gases, in which the a lk a li vapor pressure was kept low to avoid ra d ia tio n trapping, were irr a d ia te d w ith one component of the appropriate resonance doublet.The fluorescence which contained both components of the doublet, was monitored a t rig h t angles to the d ire c tio n of e x c ita tio n .The measurements of the re la tiv e in te n s itie s of the fluorescent components yielded the to ta l in e la s tic 2 2 2 2 2 cross sections for P mixing, Q12( Pl /2 > P3/2 ^' Q21^ *1/2* P3/2 ^' and quenching, Q10^ P1/2 * S1/2^' Q20^ P3/2 * Sl/2^* In the case of potassium the quenching cross sections for N^, H2> HD and D2 were: Q10 = 35, 7, 11, 2 (£)2 and Q2Q = 39, 4, 14, 1 (£ )2, re sp e c tiv e ly .For the cesium resonance s ta te s the corresponding quenching cross sections O o were: Q10 = 62> 7' 4> 8 ^ and ^20 = 10° ' 5> 3> 7 ^ ' r e s Pe c tiv e ly • The potassium -N2, H2, HD and D2 mixing cross sections were found to be: Q12 = " '7> 75' 6' 74,° ' 72*2 and Q21 = 66*°' 53,2> 50,4, 48,7 re sp e c tiv e ly , only s lig h tly larg e r than the corresponding potassium -inert gas cross se ctio n s.The cesium -N2, H2, HD and D2 mixing cross sections were: Q = 4.7, 6.7, 4.8, 4.2 (£)2 and Q21 = 25.2, 43.8, 32.1, 27.8 (£ )2, resp e c tiv e ly , five orders of magnitude larg er than the cesium -inert gas mixing cross sectio n s. iii R ep ro d u ced with p erm ission o f th e copyright ow ner.Further reproduction prohibited w ithout perm ission.The quenching r e s u lts are c o n sisten t w ith the interm ediate complex th eo ries of quenching in which energy matching between the 2 atomic and m olecular s ta te s is of no importance.The P mixing cross sections do, however, exhibit a marked dependence on the ro ta tio n a l s tru c tu re of the c o llid in g m olecules.The r e s u lts are discussed in terms of induced ro ta tio n a l tra n s itio n s on the basis of which the cross sections ^21^ ^or m^x:'-n8 cesi-uni induced by ortho and para hydrogen are c a lcu lated .

•Jan 1, 1974•0 citations
The performance of tba ceaiua radiofrequancy lamps designed la this laboratory waa compared with that of commercially available Oaram lamps with respect to %bof l ,r ability to evffita resonance fluorescence, fid the half-widthe and sel£~revarsal of tha emitted resonance H a a s , the shapes of tha resonance linaa wars studied by ******* of a yabry"Per©t * <■ farojaata.f1which w a a built for thia purpose.' ' It waa found that tba radio* fraquancy sources aaittad raaoaaaea Xiaaa of greater peak intensities, smaller degrees of self-reversal, aad smaller half-widths them tba corresponding Xiaaa pro* d mead bv ehm Oar an Iibd. it waa ooaaibXa to resolve tba b.f.a.splitting of tba ground stata aad of tba resonance atata aad to resolve partially tba h.f.a, splitting of tba zP^atata.tba measured Intervals betwaaa tba various b.f.a.components wara la satisfactory AQ^dNUMiAti wjLtill fflraigli MdJffli nfsfsn.yBi'fedbtfftjLiitttt oT&tiH tt3Lwi4 M r where.ii R e p ro d u c e d w ith p erm is sio n o f th e co p yrig h t o w n e r.F u rth e r re p ro d u ctio n p ro hib ited w ith o u t p erm is sio n .X should -I11*** hO BXOreSS R V »ianrfj 4a>» to Dr. &. Urease, under whose supervision this work was carried out, for his instruction and advice, aad especially.for M s patient criticise of this thesis la manuscript form . 1 should also like to thaafc Or.M. Czajkowski for iatrod'taciaf me to the intricacies of the.proper utilization of the djMpii^y^i^atflilr e^^puHiati ^ X Wish to acknowledge the skilful craftsmanship of Master Qlasshlower Iff* Sherhart and Mr. Iff* draws.Superin tendent of the Machine Shop, for their indispensihle parts in th* et fact I .■ en ■ of various wMyp»eefi t. * of-the inter ferometer.
Ths p ro p e rtie s o f newly developed potassium and rubidium s p e c tr a l lamps have been s y ste m a tic a lly in v e s tig a te d in r e l a t i o n to t h e i r o p eratin g parameters* A comparison was made w ith two com m e rc ia lly a v a ila b le lamps* manufactured by Osram and Varian Asso c i a te s !w ith re sp e c t to in te g ra te d in te n s ity * peak in te n s ity * h a lf width* and degree of s e lf -r e v e r s a l of th e resonance l i n e s .I t was found th a t the rad io freq u en cy sources* developed in t h i s laboratory* emit potassium and rubidium resonance lin e s o f s ig n if i c a n tl y h ig h e r peak in t e n s i t i e s and sm aller h alf-w id th s th an th o se produced by th e o th e r lamps.The degree o f s e lf -r e v e r s a l in th e resonance lin e s was a ls o found to be very much more advantageous.T ypical h a lf-w id th s of th e resonance lin e s of potassium and rubidium produced by the r a d io f r e quency source were found to be 0 .1 5 cm.~^ and 0 .j57cm.~^ r e s p e c tiv e ly , compared to th e corresponding widths o f 0 .J 4 cm."* and 1 .5 cm.'* 1
The method of s e n s itiz e d flu o re sc e n c e was used to d e t e r mine cro ss s e c tio n s f o r th e v ario u s e x c i ta t io n t r a n s f e r p ro cesses 2 2 occuring in K -Rb vapour m ix tu res and f o r ** ^3 /2 ™i%ing and 2 2 2 ^1^2 ^1/ 2 ' ^3 /2 quenching in rubidium induced in c o l l i s i o n s w ith se v e ra l d iatom ic and polyatom ic m olecules in t h e i r ground s t a t e s .The a l k a l i vapour in th e flu o resce n ce c e l l , which was kept a t low p re s s u re s to avoid s e rio u s e f f e c t s o f r a d ia tio n im prisonm ent, was ir r a d i a te d by one component of th e a p p ro p ria te resonance d o u b le t.The r e s u ltin g flu o re s c e n c e , which c o n s is te d o f the w avelength component p re s e n t in th e e x c itin g li g h t (resonance flu o re sc e n c e ) and th o se components which aro se from th e em ission by atoms c o l l i s i o n a l l y p o pulated ( s e n s itiz e d flu o re s c e n c e ), was reso lv ed and observed a t r ig h t an g les to th e d ir e c tio n o f th e in c id e n t beam.Measurements of s e n s itiz e d -to -r e s o n a n c e flu o re s c e n t in t e n s ity r a t i o s in r e l a t i o n to rubidium vapour p re s s u re y ie ld e d the fo llo w in g cro ss s e c tio n s fo r e x c i ta t io n t r a n s f e r in K -Rb vapour m ix tu re s: ^1 2 ' ( ^^^1 /2 = 40 f , Qgg, (K4^P^yg ^ Rb$^P^yg) = 2 ?Q i^,(K 4^Pi/2 -, Rb$2p^yg) = 2 .7 Qg^,(K4^Pgyg -Rb^^P^y^) = 1,9 qJ_2(k4^Pi/2 -K4^P^yj = 260 f , and Q^'(KA^P^y^ -KA^P^y^) = 175 In m ix tu res o f rubidium w ith m olecular g a s e s , measurements o f the i n t e n s ity r a t i o s in r e l a t i o n to gas p re s s u re s gave the fo llo w in g c ro s s s e c tio n s fo r th e mixing and quenching c o l l i s i o n s .
A description is given of radio frequency light sources which produce potassium and rubidium resonance radiation of high intensity. The properties of the spectral lamps have been systematically investigated in relation to their operating parameters. The rf lamps emit resonance lines of much higher peak intensities, smaller halfwidths and smaller degrees of self-reversal than do commercially available lamps. Typical halfwidths of the resonance lines of potassium and rubidium produced by the rf sources were found to be 0.15 cm−1 and 0.37 cm−1, respectively, compared with the corresponding widths of 0.34 cm−1 and 1.5 cm−1, respectively, emitted by Osram spectral lamps operated at low currents.
2 2 2 2 P ^2 ------P3/2 mixin8 and Pj -----* Si / 2 quenchin8 in potassium and cesium vapors, induced by c o llis io n s with N2> H2, HD and D2, were studied using techniques of se n sitiz e d fluorescence.The m ixtures of a lk a li vapors w ith the various gases, in which the a lk a li vapor pressure was kept low to avoid ra d ia tio n trapping, were irr a d ia te d w ith one component of the appropriate resonance doublet.The fluorescence which contained both components of the doublet, was monitored a t rig h t angles to the d ire c tio n of e x c ita tio n .The measurements of the re la tiv e in te n s itie s of the fluorescent components yielded the to ta l in e la s tic 2 2 2 2 2 cross sections for P mixing, Q12( Pl /2 > P3/2 ^' Q21^ *1/2* P3/2 ^' and quenching, Q10^ P1/2 * S1/2^' Q20^ P3/2 * Sl/2^* In the case of potassium the quenching cross sections for N^, H2> HD and D2 were: Q10 = 35, 7, 11, 2 (£)2 and Q2Q = 39, 4, 14, 1 (£ )2, re sp e c tiv e ly .For the cesium resonance s ta te s the corresponding quenching cross sections O o were: Q10 = 62> 7' 4> 8 ^ and ^20 = 10° ' 5> 3> 7 ^ ' r e s Pe c tiv e ly • The potassium -N2, H2, HD and D2 mixing cross sections were found to be: Q12 = " '7> 75' 6' 74,° ' 72*2 and Q21 = 66*°' 53,2> 50,4, 48,7 re sp e c tiv e ly , only s lig h tly larg e r than the corresponding potassium -inert gas cross se ctio n s.The cesium -N2, H2, HD and D2 mixing cross sections were: Q = 4.7, 6.7, 4.8, 4.2 (£)2 and Q21 = 25.2, 43.8, 32.1, 27.8 (£ )2, resp e c tiv e ly , five orders of magnitude larg er than the cesium -inert gas mixing cross sectio n s. iii R ep ro d u ced with p erm ission o f th e copyright ow ner.Further reproduction prohibited w ithout perm ission.The quenching r e s u lts are c o n sisten t w ith the interm ediate complex th eo ries of quenching in which energy matching between the 2 atomic and m olecular s ta te s is of no importance.The P mixing cross sections do, however, exhibit a marked dependence on the ro ta tio n a l s tru c tu re of the c o llid in g m olecules.The r e s u lts are discussed in terms of induced ro ta tio n a l tra n s itio n s on the basis of which the cross sections ^21^ ^or m^x:'-n8 cesi-uni induced by ortho and para hydrogen are c a lcu lated .