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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Efficient Entanglement Concentration of Nonlocal Two-Photon Polarization-Time-Bin Hyperentangled States

Zihang Wang, Wenxuan Yu, Xiao‐Yuan Wu, Cheng‐Yan Gao, Faris Saeed Alzahrani, Aatef D. Hobiny, Fu‐Guo Deng

Published Nov 14, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-017-3596-z

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We present two hyperentanglement concentration schemes for two-photon states that are partially entangled in the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom. The first scheme distills a maximally hyperentangled state from two identical less-entangled states with unknown parameters via the Schmidt projection method. The other scheme can be used to concentrate an initial state with known parameters and requires only one copy of the initial state for the concentration process. Both these two protocols can be generalized to concentrate NNN-photon hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states that are simultaneously entangled in the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom. Our schemes require only linear optics and are feasible with current technology. Using the time-bin degree of freedom rather than the spatial-mode degree of freedom can provide savings in quantum resources, which makes our schemes practical and useful for long-distance quantum communication.
Hyperentanglement has attracted considerable attention recently because of its high-capacity for long-distance quantum communication. In this study, we present a hyperentanglement concentration protocol (hyper-ECP) for nonlocal three-photon systems in the polarization, spatial-mode, and time-bin partially hyperentangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states using the Schmidt projection method. In our hyper-ECP, the three distant parties must perform the parity-check measurements on the polarization, spatial-mode, and time-bin degrees of freedom, respectively, using linear optical elements and Pockels cells, and only two identical nonlocal photon systems are required. This hyper-ECP can be directly extended to the N -photon hyperentangled GHZ states, and the success probability of this general hyper-ECP for a nonlocal N -photon system is the optimal one, regardless of the photon number N .