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Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy

Optimal subsystem approach to multi-qubit quantum state discrimination and experimental investigation

Shichuan Xue, Junjie Wu, Ping Xu, Xuejun Yang

Published Nov 13, 2017• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11433-017-9098-5

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Optimized state-discrimination receiver strategies for nonorthogonal states can improve the capacity of the communication channels operating with error rates below the ones corresponding to conventional receivers. Coherent signal-nulling receivers use a local oscillator to null the signal state and perform the discrimination of the signal from an alphabet of nonorthogonal states. We describe our study of signal nulling for signals encoded in nonorthogonal phase states. The signal nulling discrimination setup is the first step for the experimental investigation of different discrimination strategies for receivers of coherent multi-phase encoded signals.
State discrimination is a useful test problem with which to clarify the power and limitations of different classes of measurement. We consider the problem of discriminating between given states of a bipartite quantum system via sequential measurement of the subsystems, with classical feed-forward of measurement results. Our aim is to understand when sequential measurements, which are relatively easy to implement experimentally, perform as well, or almost as well, as optimal joint measurements, which are in general more technologically challenging. We construct conditions that the optimal sequential measurement must satisfy, analogous to the well-known Helstrom conditions for minimum error discrimination in the unrestricted case. We give several examples and compare the optimal probability of correctly identifying the state via global versus sequential measurement strategies.
The need of discriminating between different quantum states is a fundamental issue in Quantum Information and Communication. The actual realization of generally optimal strategies in this task is often limited by the need of supplemental resources and very complex receivers. We have experimentally implemented two discrimination schemes in a minimum-error scenario based on a receiver featured by a network structure and a dynamical processing of information. The first protocol implemented in our experiment, directly inspired to a recent theoretical proposal, achieves binary optimal discrimination, while the second one provides a novel approach to multi-state quantum discrimination, relying on the dynamical features of the network-like receiver. This strategy exploits the arrival time degree of freedom as an encoding variable, achieving optimal results, without the need for supplemental systems or devices. Our results further reveal the potential of dynamical approaches to Quantum State Discrimination tasks, providing a possible starting point for efficient alternatives to current experimental strategies.