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International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials)

Quantum optics of zero-index media

Iñigo Liberal, Nader Engheta

Published Aug 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

During recent years zero-index media have offered unique tools for the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves. However, similar concepts and techniques could be transplanted to the manipulation of quantized fields. As a specific example, we demonstrate theoretically that supercoupling phenomena in a N-port epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) hub can be utilized in the generation of subradiant, maximally entangled, multi-qubit states.

DOI
10.1109/metamaterials.2017.8107889

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During recent years zero-index media have offered unique tools for the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves. However, similar concepts and techniques could be transplanted to the manipulation of quantized fields. As a specific example, we demonstrate theoretically that supercoupling phenomena in a N-port epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) hub can be utilized in the generation of subradiant, maximally entangled, multi-qubit states.
Vacuum fluctuations are one of the most distinctive aspects of quantum optics, being the trigger of multiple nonclassical phenomena. Thus, platforms like resonant cavities and photonic crystals that enable the inhibition and manipulation of vacuum fluctuations have been key to our ability to control light-matter interactions (e.g., the decay of quantum emitters). Here, we theoretically demonstrate that vacuum fluctuations may be naturally inhibited within bodies immersed in epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) media, while they can also be selectively excited via bound eigenmodes. Therefore, zero-index structures are proposed as an alternative platform to manipulate the decay of quantum emitters, possibly leading to the exploration of qualitatively different dynamics. For example, a direct modulation of the vacuum Rabi frequency is obtained by deforming the EMNZ region without detuning a bound eigenmode. Ideas for the possible implementation of these concepts using synthetic implementations based on structural dispersion are also proposed.
Quantum emitters interacting through a waveguide setup have been proposed as a promising platform for basic research on light-matter interactions and quantum information processing. We propose to augment waveguide setups with the use of multiport devices. Specifically, we demonstrate theoretically the possibility of exciting NNN-qubit subradiant, maximally entangled, states with the use of suitably designed NNN-port devices. Our general methodology is then applied based on two different devices: an epsilon-and-mu-near-zero waveguide hub and a nonreciprocal circulator. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to assess the robustness of the system against a number of nonidealities. These findings link and merge the designs of devices for quantum state engineering with classical communication network methodologies.
Recent progress in meta-optics, particularly the development of metasurfaces, has enabled compact, tunable, and integrable control over the amplitude, phase, polarization, and wavefront of light, thereby allowing a paradigm shift in traditional optical science and engineering. In parallel, the ability to generate and precisely manipulate nonclassical light is central to quantum optics, enabling key functionalities in secure quantum communication, precision measurement, and scalable quantum computation. This review aims to bridge these two rapidly advancing fields by presenting recent progress in the application of structured materials to the manipulation of quantum states of light. We begin by introducing the concept of singular optics, followed by a discussion of various families of spatially and temporally structured beams that form the foundation for many of the phenomena explored in quantum photonics. Next, we revisit the theoretical framework of quantum optics, including the formalism of photon quantization and the principles governing quantum frequency conversion. We then examine how metasurfaces can be engineered to enable highly efficient nonlinear quantum processes, including both up-conversion and down-conversion, thereby offering new approaches for generating and controlling complex quantum states. Furthermore, we discuss the crucial role of structured materials in shaping the properties of quantum light and in applications such as quantum ghost imaging. The review concludes by identifying emerging directions for integrating meta-optical platforms with quantum systems, highlighting their potential for scalable manipulation of nonclassical light at the nanoscale.