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EPJ Web of Conferences

Quality of polarization entanglement in spontaneous parametric down conversion

Norshamsuri Ali, S Soekardjo, Suhairi Saharudin, Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin

Published Jan 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrated a high degree of polarization entanglement known as entanglement visibility through spontaneous parametric down conversion process pumped by a femtosecond laser. The entangled-photon pair was obtained using two type-I BBO crystal. The down-converted photons from these crystals demonstrates a high visibility of 98.7% (θ2 = 0°) and 90% (θ2 = 22.5°). These results are in agreement with the theory which expects high visibility from such arrangement.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/201716201033

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We experimentally demonstrated a high degree of polarization entanglement known as entanglement visibility through spontaneous parametric down conversion process pumped by a femtosecond laser. The entangled-photon pair was obtained using two type-I BBO crystal. The down-converted photons from these crystals demonstrates a high visibility of 98.7% (θ2 = 0°) and 90% (θ2 = 22.5°). These results are in agreement with the theory which expects high visibility from such arrangement.
Two spatially separated type-I nonlinear crystals are pumped by femtosecond laser pulses to create entangled photon pairs in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The two-photon entangled state exhibits high-visibility quantum interference for both polarization and space-time variables without the need of stringent spectral postselection by using narrow-band filters. The visibility is insensitive to the thickness of the crystals, unlike in the case of pulse pumped type-II parametric down-conversion; therefore the intensity can be easily increased by using thick nonlinear crystals. This method will be indispensable in experiments that require a pulsed source of entangled photon pairs, such as generation of multiphoton entangled states, quantum teleportation, and quantum communications.
Summary form only given. By far the most efficient source of two-particle entangled state is spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). Especially, cw laser pumped type-II SPDC has been widely treated as a good source of entangled photon pairs, since one can easily prepare a polarization Bell state. However, femtosecond pulse pumped type-II SPDC shows poor quantum interference visibility when a thick crystal is used. To restore the visibility, one has to use narrow-band spectral filters at the expense of available photon flux. We demonstrate a scheme for high-visibility two-photon interference with thick (3.4 mm.) type-II BaB/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (BBO) crystals in femtosecond pulse pumped SPDC. Polarization Bell states can be prepared using this method without spectral and amplitude post-selection.
Polarization-entangled photon pairs can be efficiently prepared into pure Bell states with a high fidelity via type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) of narrow-band pump light. However, the use of femtosecond pump pulses to generate multiphoton states with precise timing often requires spectral filtering to maintain a high quality of polarization entanglement. This typically reduces the efficiency of photon pair collection. We experimentally map the polarization correlations of photon pairs from such a source over a range of down-converted wavelengths with a high spectral resolution and find strong polarization correlations everywhere. A spectrally dependent imbalance between contributions from the two possible decay paths of SPDC is identified as the reason for a reduction in entanglement quality observed with femtosecond pump pulses. Our spectral measurements allow us to predict the polarization correlations for arbitrary filter profiles when the frequency degree of freedom of the photon pairs is ignored.
Quantum computation and quantum communication require sources of entangled photons, especially from low-cost diode lasers. This study considered a polarization entangled photons pulse source produced via a spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in the type-I phase-matching of two nonlinear crystals, incorporating a continuous wave laser diode operating in pulse mode as a pump. The generated photons were measured based on visibility as a function of the pump frequency and collection apertures. A polarization correlation between photon pairs of approximately 93% and a Bell parameter S value of 2.56 ± 0.05 were obtained using the source described here.
The two-photon polarized entangled state is generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion due to nonlinear process of type Ⅱ BBO crystal pumped by ultrashot pulsed laser. We discussed interference visibility of the polarized entangled state generated from different BBO crystals through experiments and numerical simulation. The narrow-band interference filters are also considered in our analysis. Our results show that the interference visibility can be increased by using shorter BBO crystal and narrow-band interference filters.