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Frontiers in Optics

Generation of hybrid entangled two photon state using classical non-separable state of the pump beam

M. V. Jabir, N. Apurv Chaitanya, G. K. Samanta

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on transfer of classical non-separable state in down-conversion process to generate twin photons entangled in both OAM and polarization degree of freedom. Measurement on entanglement witness operator showed that the state is entangled.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2017.jw4a.29

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Hybrid entangled states, having entanglement between different degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of a particle pair, are of great interest for quantum information science and communication protocols. Among different DoFs, the hybrid entangled states encoded with polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) allow the generation of qubit-qudit entangled states, macroscopic entanglement with very high quanta of OAM and improvement in angular resolution in remote sensing. Till date, such hybrid entangled states are generated by using a high-fidelity polarization entangled state and subsequent imprinting of chosen amount of OAM using suitable mode converters such as spatial light modulator in complicated experimental schemes. Given that the entangled sources have feeble number of photons, loss of photons during imprinting of OAM using diffractive optical elements limits the use of such hybrid state for practical applications. Here we report, on a simple experimental scheme to generate hybrid entangled state in polarization and OAM through direct transfer of classical non-separable state of the pump beam in parametric down conversion process. As a proof of principle, using local non-separable pump state of OAM mode l=3, we have produced quantum hybrid entangled state with entanglement witness parameter of W-1.25 violating by 8 standard deviation. The generic scheme can be used to produce hybrid entangled state between two photons differing by any quantum number through proper choice of non-separable state of the pump beam.
Summary form only given. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), one of the most important nonlinear processes, is of paramount interest especially in the field of quantum optics due to its intrinsic capability in generating entangled photon pairs in different degree of freedoms (DoFs). The spatial distribution of the paired photons generated through SPDC process are highly influenced by different crystal parameters including birefringence and length, and the spatial structure of the pump beam [1]. Recent studies have shown the transfer of pump properties such as phase profile and doughnut intensity distribution [2] into the transverse amplitude of heralded single photon. Here we report, first time to best of our knowledge, the direct transfer of the non-separable state in OAM and polarization DoFs of classical pump beam to generate two photons state with hybrid entanglement in both OAM and polarization. Using same scheme one can produce macroscopic entanglement with very high quanta of OAM.
Hybrid entangled states, having entanglement between different degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of a particle pair, are of great interest for quantum information science and communication protocols. Among different DoFs, the hybrid entangled states encoded with polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) allow the generation of qubit-qudit entangled states, macroscopic entanglement with very high quanta of OAM and improvement in angular resolution in remote sensing. Till date, such hybrid entangled states are generated by using a high-fidelity polarization entangled states and subsequent imprinting of chosen amount of OAM using suitable mode converters such as spatial light modulator in complicated experimental schemes. Given that the entangled sources have feeble number of photons, loss of photons during imprinting of OAM using diffractive optical elements limits the use of such hybrid states for practical applications. Here we report, on a simple generic experimental scheme to generate hybrid entangled states in polarization and OAM through direct transfer of classical non-separable states of the pump beam in parametric down conversion process. As a proof of principle, using local non-separable pump states of OAM mode l = 3, we have produced quantum hybrid entangled states with entanglement witness parameter of ~1.25 ± 0.03 violating by 8 standard deviation.
Hybrid entangled states exhibit entanglement between different degrees of freedom of a particle pair and thus could be useful for asymmetric optical quantum network where the communication channels are characterized by different properties. We report the first experimental realization of hybrid polarization-orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled states by adopting a spontaneous parametric down conversion source of polarization entangled states and a polarization-OAM transferrer. The generated quantum states have been characterized through quantum state tomography. Finally, the violation of Bell's inequalities with the hybrid two photon system has been observed.
We propose a method of generating the three-photon W state. The method uses parametric down-conversion process and hybrid entanglement swapping from multiphoton spin-entangled states to multiphoton orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled states, with the aid of a pair of polarization photons. They generate W state entangled in different degrees of freedom of polarization and OAM with a high-dimensional Hilbert space. By simply changing the methods of generating a polarization-OAM-linear momentum entangled W state. Our method produces two mutually symmetric W states with strong entanglement and high dimension, which is expected to realize the secure communication of extending quantum bits.