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Scientific Reports

Robust generation of entangled state via ground-state antiblockade of Rydberg atoms

Yuanyuan Zhao, Liu B, Yan‐Qiang Ji, Shi-Qing Tang, Xiao‐Qiang Shao

Published Nov 22, 2017• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose a mechanism of ground-state antiblockade of Rydberg atoms, which is then exploited to prepare two-atom entangled state via three different kinds of pulses. First we use the pulses in the form of sin2 and cos2 functions and obtain a maximally entangled state at an accurate interaction time. Then the method of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is adopted for the entanglement generation, which is immune to the fluctuations of revelent parameters but requires a long time. Finally we capitalize the advantages of the former two methods and employ shortcuts to adiabatic passage (STAP) to generate the maximal entanglement. The strictly numerical simulation reveals that the current scheme is robust against spontaneous emission of atoms due to the virtual excitation of Rydberg states, and all of the above methods favor a high fidelity with the present experimental technology.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-16533-9

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Abstract We propose a mechanism of ground-state antiblockade of Rydberg atoms, which is then exploited to prepare two-atom entangled state via three different kinds of pulses. First we use the pulses in the form of sin2 and cos2 functions and obtain a maximally entangled state at an accurate interaction time. Then the method of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is adopted for the entanglement generation, which is immune to the fluctuations of revelent parameters but requires a long time. Finally we capitalize the advantages of the former two methods and employ shortcuts to adiabatic passage (STAP) to generate the maximal entanglement. The strictly numerical simulation reveals that the current scheme is robust against spontaneous emission of atoms due to the virtual excitation of Rydberg states, and all of the above methods favor a high fidelity with the present experimental technology.
We propose a mechanism of ground-state blockade between two NNN-type Rydberg atoms by virtue of the Rydberg-antiblockade effect and the Raman transition. Inspired by the quantum Zeno effect, the strong Rydberg antiblockade interaction plays a role in frequently measuring one ground state of two, leading to a blockade effect for double occupation of the corresponding quantum state. By encoding the logic qubits into the ground states, we efficiently avoid the spontaneous emission of the excited Rydberg state and maintain the nonlinear Rydberg-Rydberg interaction at the same time. As applications, we discuss in detail the feasibility of preparing two-atom and three-atom entanglement with ground-state blockade in closed and open systems, respectively, which shows that a high fidelity of the entangled state can be obtained with current experimental parameters.
The multipartite GHZ states are useful resources for quantum information processing. Here we put forward a scalable way to adiabatically prepare the multipartite GHZ states in a chain of Rydberg atoms. Building on the ground-state blockade effect of Rydberg atoms and the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), we suppress the adverse effect of the atomic spontaneous emission, and obtain a high fidelity of the multipartite GHZ states without requirements on the operational time. After investigating the feasibility of the proposal, we show a 3-qubit GHZ state can be generated in a wide range of relevant parameters and a fidelity above $98\%$98% is achievable with the current experimental technologies.
We propose an experimental scheme of generating entangled states between two spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using Rydberg excitations. Due to the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms, the Rydberg excitation creates an interaction between two closely located BECs. The method is suitable particularly for atom chip and permanent magnetic trap systems, which can create many BECs with an arbitrary two-dimensional geometry. We show two schemes of entangled state generation, based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) methods. The first method produces a symmetric state with total Sx{S}^{x}Sx spin zero between ground and excited states of the atoms using a single STIRAP pair, while the second produces a NOON state between hyperfine ground states using two STIRAP pairs. We show that despite the additional complexity of the BECs, it is possible to identify the initial and final adiabatic states exactly. We verify our theoretical predictions using numerical simulations on small boson number systems.
Combining adiabatic passage and Rydberg antiblockade, we propose a scheme to implement a two-qubit phase gate between two Rydberg atoms. Detuning parameters between frequencies of atomic transitions and those of the corresponding driving lasers are carefully chosen to offset the blockade effect of two Rydberg atoms, so that an effective Hamiltonian, representing a single-photon detuning Λ-type three-level system and concluding the quantum state of two Rydberg atoms excited simultaneously, is obtained. The adiabatic-passage technique, based on the effective Hamiltonian, is adopted to implement a two-atom phase gate by using two time-dependent Rabi frequencies. Numerical simulations indicate that a high-fidelity two-qubit π -phase gate is constructed and its operation time does not have to be controlled accurately. Besides, owing to the long coherence time of the Rydberg state, the phase gate is robust against atomic spontaneous emission.
Inspired by a recently experiment by M. Lettner et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 210503 (2011)], we propose a robust scheme to prepare three-dimensional entanglement state between a single atom and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique. The atomic spontaneous radiation, the cavity decay, and the fiber loss are efficiently suppressed by the engineering adiabatic passage. Our strictly numerical simulation shows our proposal is good enough to demonstrate the generation of three-dimensional entanglement with high fidelity and within the current experimental technology.
Abstract We develop a scheme for deterministic generation of an entangled state between two atoms on different Rydberg states via a chirped adiabatic passage, which directly connects the initial ground and target entangled states and also does not request the normally needed blockade effect. The occupancy of intermediate states suffers from a strong reduction via two pulses with proper time-dependent detunings and the electromagnetically induced transparency condition. By solving the analytical expressions of eigenvalues and eigenstates of a two-atom system, we investigate the optimal parameters for guaranteeing the adiabatic condition. We present a detailed study for the effect of pulse duration, changing rate, different Rydberg interactions on the fidelity of the prepared entangled state with experimentally feasible parameters, which reveals a good agreement between the analytic and full numerical results.