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Experimental Controlled-NOT Logic Gate for Single Photons

T. B. Pittman, Michael J. Fitch, B. C. Jacobs, J. D. Franson

Published Mar 14, 2003• 8 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report a proof-of-principle demonstration of a probabilistic controlled-NOT gate for single photons. Single-photon control and target qubits were mixed with a single ancilla photon in a device constructed using only linear optical elements. The successful operation of the controlled-NOT gate relied on post-selected three-photon interference effects which required the detection of the photons in the output modes.

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We report a proof-of-principle demonstration of a probabilistic controlled-NOT gate for single photons. Single-photon control and target qubits were mixed with a single ancilla photon in a device constructed using only linear optical elements. The successful operation of the controlled-NOT gate relied on post-selected three-photon interference effects which required the detection of the photons in the output modes.
Summary form only given. Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn (2001) showed that probabilistic quantum logic devices could be implemented using only linear optical elements, additional ancilla photons, and post-selection based on the output of single-photon detectors. These devices produce the desired result with certainty when a specific output from the detectors is obtained, but that will only occur for some fraction of the events. Here we report the experimental demonstration of two logic devices of this kind, a destructive controlled-NOT gate and a quantum parity check. In each of these devices, two polarization-encoded qubits in the form of two single photons from a parametric down-conversion source are incident on a polarizing beam splitter.
Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)] recently showed that nondeterministic quantum logic operations could be performed using linear optical elements, additional photons (ancilla), and postselection based on the output of single-photon detectors. Here we report the experimental demonstration of two logic devices of this kind, a destructive controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate and a quantum parity check. These two devices can be combined with a pair of entangled photons to implement a conventional (nondestructive) CNOT that succeeds with a probability of 1/4.
Probabilistic quantum logic operations can be performed using linear optical elements and post-selection based on the results of measurements on ancilla photons. We review the results of a number of recent experiments in this area, including the demonstration of several quantum logic gates, the use of feed-forward control, a new source of single photons, and a quantum memory device for single photons. A high-fidelity approach in which the logic gates always produce an output will also be discussed.
Abstract Probabilistic quantum logic operations can be implemented using linear optical elements, additional photons (ancilla), and post‐selection based on the results of measurements made on the ancilla photons. Here we describe the experimental demonstration of several quantum logic devices of that kind, including a quantum parity check and a destructive controlled‐NOT (CNOT) gate. An experimental demonstration of feed‐forward control for use in quantum logic operations is also reported. The implementation of a conventional CNOT gate using polarizing beam splitters is described, along with a new “high‐fidelity” approach in which the logic gates always produce an output.