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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Macroscopic motion of the self-nanostructured Raman gas

Matthieu Chafer, Anton Husakou, Benoît Debord, Frédéric Gérôme, Fetah Benabid

Published Jun 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The recent findings of line narrowing in Raman-active continuous-wave-pumped gas [1] showed that the Stokes scattering occurs in a Lamb-Dicke regime and is associated to formation of array of deep subwavelength nanotraps, which resulted in a sub-recoil linewidth Stokes radiation [1]. The results also showed that this nanotrap lattice exhibits a macroscopic motion. Here we present theoretical and numerical analysis of this phenomenon, addressing the peculiarities of field distribution and fascinating effect of nanotrap lattice in motion.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8087054

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The recent findings of line narrowing in Raman-active continuous-wave-pumped gas [1] showed that the Stokes scattering occurs in a Lamb-Dicke regime and is associated to formation of array of deep subwavelength nanotraps, which resulted in a sub-recoil linewidth Stokes radiation [1]. The results also showed that this nanotrap lattice exhibits a macroscopic motion. Here we present theoretical and numerical analysis of this phenomenon, addressing the peculiarities of field distribution and fascinating effect of nanotrap lattice in motion.
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Recently we demonstrated a system for light-trapping molecules and stimulated Raman \nscattering based on a lattice of ultra-deep traps created by spatially modulated Raman \nsaturation, where Raman-active molecules are strongly localized in a one-dimensional array \nof nanometre-wide sections, resulting in a central line with a sub-recoil linewidth as low as 14 \nkHz. Here the theoretical modelling of such a process is presented in detail. The numerical \nformalism is presented on both microscopic and macroscopic scale. The field distribution \nin the fiber is discussed, and the predictions regarding the line narrowing, sidebands, and \nlattice motion are provided
Summary form only given. A new way to reach the Lamb-Dicke regime in molecular gases has been reported in [1]. This is achieved by trapping H2molecule during Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in a photonic band gap hollow-core fiber (PBG HC-PCF) pumped with a high power CW laser [1]. The molecular trapping process occurs in a self-assembled manner, whereby the Raman active molecules are confined in nanometer-wide sections by a periodic and ultra-deep potential thanks to a spatially modulated Raman saturation. It has permitted to obtain sub-recoil linewidths as low as 14 kHz which is 5 orders of magnitude lower than the expected H2Doppler-broadened linewidth for a product of the input power and the pressure below 1000 W.bar. Above this threshold the linewidth broadens due to the generation of the second-order Stokes.Here, we report a further linewidth narrowing down to 2.7 kHz by increasing the length and decreasing the gas pressure. Longer fiber lowers the pump power required for the SRS generation and enables formation of the trapping potential for lower gas pressure, which in turn reduces the molecular collision rate. The Stokes generation was obtained using a set-up similar to the one used in [1]. The PBG fiber has been tailored in order to have a spectral window between 1000 and 1200 nm in order to filter out any other Raman generation except the first rotational Stokes S00(1) at 1131.4 nm. The range of pressure of H2 with which we filled the PBG fiber is from 5 to 50 bars. The pump laser is a narrow linewidth (400 kHz) CW laser with a maximum pump power Pin of 100 W. Figure 1(a) shows the typical linewidth trace of the forward emitted Stokes for a fiber length of 30 m, a gas pressure of 20 bar and a pump power of 12 W. Figure 1(b) shows a resolved spectrum of the Stokes central line, which demonstrates a linewidth of 2.7 kHz. This line is nearly 30 times narrower than the hydrogen molecule recoil frequency Vrecο1 = πh(mλs2) of ~78 kHz, 5 orders of magnitude narrower than the Doppler width and almost 6 orders of magnitude narrower than the H2 pressure broadened line. Linewidth(kHz)
Since the advent of atom laser-cooling, trapping or cooling natural molecules has been a long standing and challenging goal. Here, we demonstrate a method for laser-trapping molecules that is radically novel in its configuration, in its underlined physical dynamics and in its outcomes. It is based on self-optically spatially-nanostructured high pressure molecular hydrogen confined in hollow-core photonic-crystal-fibre. An accelerating molecular-lattice is formed by a periodic potential associated with Raman saturation except for a 1-dimentional array of nanometer wide and strongly-localizing sections. In these sections, molecules with a speed of as large as 1800 m/s are trapped, and stimulated Raman scattering in the Lamb-Dicke regime occurs to generate high power forward and backward-Stokes continuous-wave laser with sideband-resolved sub-Doppler emission spectrum. The spectrum exhibits a central line with a sub-recoil linewidth of as low as 14 kHz, more than 5 orders-of-magnitude narrower than in conventional Raman scattering, and sidebands comprising Mollow triplet, molecular motional-sidebands and four-wave-mixing.
It is shown that transient anti-Stokes stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) acts as a vacuum field fluctuations amplifier at Stokes frequency, the fluctuations being amplified up to macroscopic values. This makes their investigation possible by studying macroscopic energy fluctuations of transient SRS anti-Stokes pulses. The proposed theory also gives a quantitative description of angular distribution of self-generated anti-Stokes emission around the exact phase-matching angle recently observed by Duncan et al. ( Opt. Lett. , 11 (1986) 803) in the transient regime.